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"René-Paul Schützenberger (29 July 1860 - 31 December 1916) was a French Post- Impressionist painter. Biography The Head-dress (1911) Reader at the Window (1890), Soissons Museum Born in Mulhouse, into an Alsatian family of famous brewers, he was the son of Paul Schützenberger (1829–1897), a French chemist. The painter Louis-Frédéric Schützenberger (1825–1903) was his cousin. René Schützenberger studied at the Académie Julian, a private art school founded by Rodolphe Julian under Jean-Paul Laurens.Nos peintres et sculpteurs, graveurs, dessinateurs. Jules Martin. 1897. p.343; archive.org In 1891, he married Andrée-Marie Bouland in the town hall of the 6th arrondissement of Paris.. She was a writer and an art critique known as Andrée Myra. Schützenberger started to exhibit at the Salon des Artistes Français in 1889, at the Salon des Indépendants from 1902 and at the Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts from 1907. He got an honourable mention at the Salon of 1897 and at the Universal Exhibition of 1900.. In 1911, Schützenberger exhibited at the Exposition des Peintres du Paris moderne in the Gallery Georges Petit.. In 1912. and in 1915, he participated in the Exposition of group of artists called Cent Artistes in the Gallery Henri Manuel.. He died in Paris on 31 December 1916. He practiced genre painting, portraits, nudes and landscapes, treating the subjects of the daily life and intimate subjects. His style is close to the Post-Impressionism movement and was influenced by the Les Nabis group of Post-Impressionists, most of whom also studied at Académie Julian. Retrospective exhibition Salon des Indépendants took place in 1926. Works by René Schützenberger were exhibited at Grand Palais along with works by Paul Cézanne, Vincent van Gogh, Amedeo Modigliani, Georges Seurat, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Félix Vallotton and other painters. Works * In Front of Window - 1887 * The Old Sailor - 1889 * Veuve et orpheline - Salon des Beaux-Arts of 1889 (n°2446)Société des artistes français. Salon de 1889 (n°2446-2447) archive.org * Le Chapeau du dimanche - Salon des Beaux-Arts of 1889 (n°2447) * Les Loisirs du vieux marin - Salon des Beaux-Arts of 1890 (n°2180)Société des artistes français. Salon de 1890 (n°2180-2181) archive.org * Sur la plage - Salon des Beaux-Arts of 1890 (n°2181) * Reader at the Window, 1890, Salon of 1891 (n°1509) (Soissons Museum) * Christ and Madeleine - 1890, Salon des Beaux-Arts of 1891 (n°1510)Société des artistes français. Salon de 1891 (n°1509-1510) archive.org * Portrait of a Woman in black - 1894 * Woman in white - Salon of 1895 (n°1730) * Jeunesse - Salon des Beaux-Arts 1896 (n°1806) * Madeleine at the Tumb - Salon des Beaux-Arts de Lyon 1898 (n°622) * The Mill of the Wine Press - Salon des Beaux-Arts de Lyon 1898 (n°623) * Farniente - Salon des Beaux-Arts 1899 (n°1785) * Portrait - Exposition Universelle of 1900 (n°1760) * Labour - Salon des Indépendants of 1905 (n°3732)Société des artistes indépendants : Catalogue de la 21me exposition, 1905. p.215 (p.211). Thomas J. Watson Library, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York) * Quatre vues de Bruges - Salon des Indépendants of 1906 (n°4546)Société des artistes indépendants : Catalogue de la 21me exposition, 1906. p.258 (p.256), (n°4546-4553) Thomas J. Watson Library, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York) * Le Mur du séminaire, Bruges (appartient a Mlle Nachmann) - Salon des Indépendants of 1906 (n°4548) * Le Quai des Meuniers (Bruges) - Salon des Indépendants of 1906 (n°4549) * Le Quai vert (Bruges) - Salon des Indépendants of 1906 (n°4550) * Le Dyver (Bruges) - Salon des Indépendants of 1906 (n°4551) * Le Béguinage (Bruges) - Salon des Indépendants of 1906 (n°4552) * Le Marché St-Jacques (Bruges) - Salon des Indépendants of 1906 (n°4553) * Before the Tub - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1906, (n°1099) * Enigma - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1907 (n°1073)Enigma photo.rmn.fr * Dress - Société des Amis des Arts de Nantes, 1907 (n°299) * Tears in the Eyes - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1908 (n°1045) * Le Plateau - Salon des Indépendants of 1909 (n°1439) * Le Puits - Salon des Indépendants of 1909 (n°1440)Société des artistes indépendants : Catalogue de la 25me exposition, 1909. p.258 (p.256), (n°1439-1440) gallica.bnf * The Battle - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1910The Battle photo.rmn.fr * Playing at Dice (1910) - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1911 (n°1154) * The Head-dress - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1911 (n°1156) * Vail of Hair (1911) - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1912 (n°1162) * The Flowery Folding-screen (1911)- Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1912 (n°1161) * Woman and Flower - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1913 (n°1137)Woman and Flower photo.rmn.fr * The Jade Necklace - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1914 (n°1084) * The Perfume - Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts 1914 (n°1083) Paintings Image:René Schützenberger (1860-1916).jpgIn Front of the Window (12 may, 1887) Image:Rene Schutzenberger, "Portrait d'une femme", 1894..JPGPortrait of a Woman in Black (1894) Image:René Schützenberger - La Femme en blanc.jpgWoman in white (1895) Image:OVERLOOKING THE SEA.jpg Overlooking the Sea (1896) File:Schutzenberger Paul René-eine elegante dame.jpgAn Elegant Lady caressing her Cat (1904) Image:Paul René Schutzenberger.png Au Jardin Du Luxembourg (1908) Image:René Schützenberger - La Bataille CP.jpgThe Battle (1909) Image:René Schützenberger - La Partie de dés - CP.jpgPlaying at Dice (1910) Image:René Schützenberger - L'écran de ses cheveux - CP.jpgVail of Hair (1911) Image:René Schützenberger - Le Collier de Jade larger.jpgThe Jade Necklace (1914) Image:René Schützenberger - Le Parfum - CP.jpgThe Perfume (1914) Image:Schutzenberger Iles du Rhin.jpgIslands in the Rhine river near to Strasbourg (c.1915) Image:René Schützenberger Paysage à la meule.jpgLandscape with a Rick (c.1915) References and sources ;References ;Sources * Jules Martin, Nos peintres et nos sculpteurs, Paris Flammarion, 1897. * Catalogue du Salon de la Société lyonnaise des Beaux-Arts, 1898. * Catalogue général officiel de l'Exposition Internationale Universelle de 1900, Paris. * Catalogue du Salon de la Société des Amis des Arts de Nantes, 1907. * L'Art et les Artistes, 7ème année, n°75, juin 1911. * The Julian Academy, Paris 1868–1939, Spring Exhibition 1989, Sheperd Gallery, New York. * Benezit, Dictionnaire des artistes, 1999. * Dominique Lobstein, Dictionnaire des Indépendants (1884–1914), tome III, L'Échelle de Jacob, 2003. * Gaïte Dugnat, Les catalogues des Salons de la Société Nationale des Beaux- Arts, tome III (1906–1910), L'Échelle de Jacob, 2005. * Gaïte Dugnat, Les catalogues des Salons de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, tome IV(1911–1920), L'Échelle de Jacob, 2005. * Paul-René Schützenberger File, Documentation du Musée d'Orsay, Paris. External links * Family genealogy Schützenberger * Benezit Dictionary of Artists, 2006, site Oxford Index (subscription or library membership required) * Société des artistes indépendants. 26, Catalogue de la 26e exposition 1910, no. 4648-4651; Gallica BnF Category:1860 births Category:1916 deaths Category:19th-century French painters Category:20th-century French painters Category:20th-century male artists Category:Alumni of the Académie Julian Category:French male painters Category:Modern painters Category:People from Mulhouse Category:Post- impressionist painters "
"The term "Polish Border Strip" (; ) or "Polish Frontier Strip" refers to those territories which the German Empire wanted to annex from Congress Poland after World War I. It appeared in plans proposed by German officials as a territory to be annexed by the German Empire after an expected German and Central Powers victory. German planners also envisioned forced expulsion and resettlement of the Polish and Jewish population which would be replaced by German colonists.Legacies of Violence: Eastern Europe’s First World War Jochen Böhler, Wlodzimierz Borodziej, Joachim von Puttkamer page 119 Germans in the East 1914-1918: Fantasies of Forced Movement The proposed area of the Border Strip comprised up to 30,000 km² (approximately the size of Belgium), and up to 3 million people were to be ethnically cleansed to make room for German settlers.Elusive Alliance: The German Occupation of Poland in World War I Jesse Kauffman - 2015 The ethnic cleansing foreseen by the border strip's championsEmpires in World War I: Shifting Frontiers and Imperial Dynamics in a Global Conflict Richard Fogarty, Andrew Jarboe I.B.Tauris, 2014 this idea developed into one of annexing a Polish border strip, or frontier strip ... by ethnically cleansing the area of nationalist Poles and colonising the region with Germans from das Altreich The strip was also intended to separate the Polish inhabitants of Prussian-held Greater Poland from those in Congress Poland. Details The idea of future "buffer zone" to be cleared of Poles and Jews was discussed officially at highest levels as early as 1914Germans, Poland, and Colonial Expansion to the East: 1850 Through the Present R. Nelson, page 80 "The Archive for Inner Colonization, the German East, and World War" In July 1917 the German supreme command under General Ludendorff, as part of the debate and planning regarding the cession of the "border strip" to Germany, specified its own designs in a memorandum.Keith Bullivant, Geoffrey J. Giles, Walter Pape, Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identity and Cultural Differences, Rodopi (1999), p. 28-29. It proposed annexing a greatly enlarged "border strip" of 20,000 square kilometres, and ethnically cleansing its Polish and Jewish population (numbering between 2,000,000 and 3,000,000Immanuel Geiss Tzw. polski pas graniczny 1914-1918. Warszawa (1964).) from a territory of 8,000 square kilometres and settling it with ethnic Germans.Hein Erich Goemans, War and Punishment: The Causes of War Termination and the First World War, Princeton University Press (2000), p. 104-105.Carole Fink, Defending the Rights of Others: The Great Powers, the Jews, and International Minority Protection, 1878-1938 Cambridge University Press (2006), p. 70. Poles living in Prussia, especially in the province of Posen, were to be "encouraged" by unspecified means to move into the German-ruled puppet state of Kingdom of Poland. The German minority living in Congress Poland, which had earlier suggested the annexation of all territory up to Łódź in a letter to the German government, also supported such proposals. Aleksander Kraushar, Warszawa podczas okupacji niemieckiej 1915-1918, Lwów (1921), p. 39. The German government developed and agreed to these plans in March 1918, and in April gained support in the Prussian House of Lords; the plans for this were debated and developed across a wide spectrum of political parties and interested groups such as political scientists, industrialists, and nationalist organisations like the Pan-German League. Friedrich von Schwerin, head of administration in Frankfurt/Oder and chairman of the Society for Inner Colonization stated, "The German people, the greatest colonizing people on earth, have again been given a great colonizing task. The current world war provides the opportunity for Germany to resume in a resolute way its colonizing mission in the East". For administrators like Schwerin, the plan was to be accompanied by massive expulsion of Poles as in his words "new land can usually only be won at the expense of those who own the land"Shatterzone of Empires: Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands, Indiana University Press 2013, page 55. The German nobility in certain versions of the plan were to become the "colonial administration".Germany Turns Eastwards: A Study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich, 1991 Michael Burleigh, p. 21 The plan has been described by historian Hajo Holborn as the first instance in modern European history of planning the removal of whole populations as a solution to national conflicts.Hajo Holborn, A History of Modern Germany: 1840-1945. Princeton University Press (1982), p. 449. By removing the Polish population, all resistance to Germanization of Polish territories would be bypassed.hatterzone of Empires Coexistence and Violence in the German, Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman Borderlands Edited by Omer Bartov and Eric D Weitz 2013 p. 55 Parts of the plans were adopted by Nazi Germany after the war, and implemented in the genocidal Generalplan Ost. See also *Expulsion of Poles by Germany References Border Strip Border Strip Category:German Empire in World War I Category:Ethnic cleansing in Europe Category:Forced migration Category:Discrimination in Germany Category:Anti-Polish sentiment in Europe Category:Former administrative territorial entities in Europe "
"Bernard Reginald Stanhope Harrison (28 September 1934 – 18 March 2006) was an English sportsman who played first-class cricket for Hampshire and professional football with Crystal Palace, Southampton and Exeter City. As a cricketer he was an opening batsman who played a part in Hampshire winning the County Championship in 1961, whilst in football he played at outside right. Early life Harrison was born at St. John's, Worcester, close to New Road, the home of Worcestershire County Cricket Club. He was educated at Peter Symonds College in Winchester, Hampshire and was a keen all round sportsman who excelled from an early age in both cricket and football. During his period of National Service he represented the army in both sports. Football career Crystal Palace Harrison was an England schoolboy international and in October 1952, he joined Portsmouth as a trainee, on amateur terms. Unable to break into the first team, he moved to Crystal Palace in October 1955. At Crystal Palace he was given a professional contract and made his first team debut in March 1956, as Palace finished second from bottom in the Third Division South and were forced to seek re-election. In the 1956–57 season, Harrison became established in the side, normally at outside-right with Johnny Byrne on the left, providing scoring opportunities for the front men, including Mike Deakin at centre forward and Peter Berry and Barry Pierce as the inside-forwards. Harrison himself contributed four goals, as Palace finished 20th in the table. In 1957, Soccer Star predicted that, once Palace's fortunes improved, Harrison would become "one of the most talked about wingers in the game". He was selected to play in the Third Division South representative team in 1957. In the following season, George Cooper took over at centre forward, scoring 17 goals. Harrison contributed seven goals as Palace improved their league position, finishing 14th. Unfortunately, this was two places below the cut-off point for the re-organisation of the league structure, and Palace played in the newly created Fourth Division in 1958–59. Harrison only managed 14 league games in the 1958–59 season, with Ron Brett or Gerry Priestley being preferred in the No. 7 shirt. In the summer of 1959, Harrison left Selhurst Park having made exactly 100 first team appearances, 92 in the League and 8 in the FA Cup, scoring 12 goals (all in league matches). Southampton Harrison was recruited for Southampton, then in the Third Division, by manager Ted Bates as cover for Terry Paine. Paine's fitness was such, however, that he never missed a match in the one season that Harrison spent at The Dell. Harrison's three appearances for the "Saints" came in October, when Paine switched first to the left to replace the injured John Sydenham, and then to inside right in place of George O'Brien. Harrison's first and last matches were both against Barnsley. The second match was at home to Swindon Town when Derek Reeves scored four, with one from Paine, in a 5–1 victory on 10 October 1959. The Daily Echo reported that "Bernard Harrison (did) well on the right wing". Despite this, Harrison was unable to displace Paine and spent the rest of the season in the reserves. In his biography, Kevin Smallbone argues that Harrison was "too talented for his own good" and Harrison said (in 2005) that he "was doing too many things, I didn't have time to train". Speaking to Paine's biographer, David Bull, Harrison commented that he "couldn't understand" why Ted Bates didn't switch Terry Paine to inside- left to accommodate him on the right. At the end of the season, Southampton were able to celebrate taking the Third Division title, whereas Harrison decided to try his luck elsewhere. Exeter City At the end of the 1959–60 season, Harrison moved along the coast to join Exeter City where he spent one season, making 18 appearances in the Fourth Division scoring four goals. Over the next few years, he played for a succession of non-league clubs, ending his career at Winchester City. Cricket career Harrison joined Hampshire and spent most of his career playing in the Second XI as an opening batsman, understudying Roy Marshall and Jimmy Gray. He made his debut for the first XI against Oxford University in June 1957, not making any significant contribution in a drawn match. His County Championship debut came in May 1958, against Worcester, scoring only a single and not being called on to bowl – Hampshire won the match by 9 wickets. A strong right-hand batsman he achieved his top score of 110 versus Oxford University played at Portsmouth in July 1961. In this match, he shared with Mike Barnard in a stand of 119 for the second wicket. Six of his 14 county matches were against Oxford University, and both his fifties and his only first-class hundred also came against them. He contributed to the team led by Colin Ingleby-Mackenzie that won Hampshire's first County Championship in 1961 and played four times in 1962. He continued to appear infrequently for the Second XI, the last time in 1968. Later career Harrison was a qualified teacher, and amongst his positions was that of Sports and Mathematics teacher at Farleigh School, firstly at Basingstoke and from 1982 at Red Rice near Andover. Harrison's club cricket was with Basingstoke & North Hants Cricket Club, where he also coached. He also excelled at other sports, gaining county recognition in badminton and table tennis and could also have done so in hockey while at school but football took preference. Biography In 2001, his biography "Brushes with the Greats – The Story of a Footballer/Cricketer", written by Kevin Smallbone, was published by Sportingmemoriesonline.com. References External links *Obituary on Hampshire CC site *Cricinfo profile *Cricketarchive profile * Category:1934 births Category:2006 deaths Category:Sportspeople from Worcester, England Category:People educated at Peter Symonds College Category:English footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:Portsmouth F.C. players Category:Crystal Palace F.C. players Category:Southampton F.C. players Category:Exeter City F.C. players Category:Poole Town F.C. players Category:Dorchester Town F.C. players Category:Andover F.C. players Category:Portals Athletic F.C. players Category:Winchester City F.C. players Category:English Football League players Category:English cricketers Category:Hampshire cricketers Category:People from St John's, Worcester "