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"The Humane King Sutra () is found in Taisho No. 245 and 246. Many scholars have suspected this sutra to be composed in China but not all scholars agree with this viewpoint.Yang 2016 There are two versions: the first is called the Humane King Perfection of Wisdom Sutra (仁王般若波羅蜜經), while the second is called the Humane King State-Protection Perfection of Wisdom Sutra (仁王護國般若波羅蜜經), more idiomatically the Prajnaparamita Scripture for Humane Kings Who Wish to Protect their States.Orzech 2002, p. 63 Both sutras are found in the prajnaparamita section of the Taisho Tripitaka. This sutra is unusual in the fact that its target audience, rather than being either lay practitioners or the community of monks and nuns, is the rulership (i.e. monarchs, presidents, prime ministers, etc.). Thus, for example, where the interlocutors in most scriptures are arhats or bodhisattvas, the discussants in this text are the kings of the sixteen ancient regions of India. The foregrounded teachings, rather than being meditation and wisdom, are "humaneness" and "forbearance" or "ksanti", these being the most applicable religious values for the governance of a Buddhist state. Hence today in some Chinese temples, the sutra is used during prayers on behalf of the government and the country. A second translation from a Sanskrit text was carried out a few centuries after the appearance of the original version, by the monk Amoghavajra (Bukong 不空), one of the most important figures in the Chinese Esoteric tradition, as well as a patriarch in the Shingon school of Japan. This second version of the text (仁王護國般若波羅蜜經, T 246.8.834-845) is similar to the original version (仁王般若波羅蜜經, T 245.8.825-834), the translation of which was attributed to Kumārajīva, but it contains new sections that include teachings on mandala, mantra, and dhāraṇī. Themes One theme of the sutra is impermanence. A passage which is popular in Japan is the , which in full reads , and is analogous to sic transit gloria mundi in the West. This is famously quoted in the first line of The Tale of the Heike, whose latter half reads: .Chapter 1.1, Helen Craig McCullough's translation Translations There are two classical Chinese translations extant: *the 仁王護國般若波羅蜜經 Renwang Huguo Bore Boluomi Jing (trans. by Kumārajīva in 410-412).Orzech 1989, p.18 *the 仁王護國般若波羅蜜多經 Renwang Huguo Bore Boluomiduo Jing (trans. by Amoghavajra in 765-766).Orzech 1989, p.18 Amogavajra translated the mantras. The discovery of the Old Translated Inwanggyeong (구역인왕경;舊譯仁王經) in Gugyeol in the mid-1970s contributed to Middle Korean studies.On the Chinese Transcriptions of Northeastern Eurasian Languages NotesReferencesFurther reading * Conze, Edward (1974). The Short Prajnaparamita Texts. [esp. The Sutra on Perfect Wisdom Which Explains How Benevolent Kings May Protect Their Countries] pp. 165-183. * Orzech, Charles D. (1989). Puns on the Humane King: Analogy and Application in an East Asian Apocryphon, Journal of the American Oriental Society 109 /1, 17-24 * Orzech, Charles D. Politics and Transcendent Wisdom: The Scripture for Humane Kings in the Creation of Chinese Buddhism. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2008. * Orzech, Charles D. (2002). Metaphor, Translation, and the Construction of Kingship in The Scripture for Humane Kings and the Mahāmāyūrī Vidyārājñī Sūtra, Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 13, 55-83 * External links *Digital Dictionary of Buddhism (log in with userID "guest") Category:Mahayana texts Category:Vajrayana Category:Mahayana sutras Category:Religion and politics Category:Post-canonical Buddhist texts Category:Chinese Buddhist texts "
"Sumaco Napo-Galeras National Park () is a protected area in Ecuador situated in the Napo Province, Orellana Province and Sucumbíos Province. The highest point of the park is the Sumaco volcano that peaks at 3,732 m; the lowest altitude is 600 m. Fauna Some 280 birds species are known from the park, but the true number is probably much higher because the park is little explored. Notable birds include Dysithamnus occidentalis, Touit stictoptera, Ara militaris, and Galbula pastazae. A mammal survey conducted at 2500 m on the eastern slope of Sumaco revealed 17 species, including eight species of bats. Larger mammals include Panthera onca, Tremarctos ornatus, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tapirus pinchaque, and Puma concolor. Little information exists on other groups, but it is assumed that the diversity of amphibians and reptiles is particularly high. Indeed, a number of amphibians are only known from the area, including toad Osornophryne sumacoensis that is only known from the eastern slopes of Sumaco. Similarly, Pristimantis ernesti is only known from the summit of Sumaco. References Category:National parks of Ecuador Category:Biosphere reserves of Ecuador Category:Geography of Napo Province Category:Geography of Orellana Province Category:Geography of Sucumbíos Province Category:Tourist attractions in Napo Province Category:Tourist attractions in Orellana Province Category:Tourist attractions in Sucumbíos Province "
"Josef Dvorník (born 23 April 1978 in Přílepy) is a former Czech football player. He played most of his career in Gambrinus liga teams. Honours With Baník Ostrava: * Gambrinus liga: 2003/04 * Czech Cup: 2004/05 References * Profile at iDNES.cz * Guardian Football Category:Czech footballers Category:Czech expatriate footballers Category:FC Fastav Zlín players Category:FC Baník Ostrava players Category:FC Zbrojovka Brno players Category:FK Baník Sokolov players Category:SFC Opava players Category:MFK Ružomberok players Category:Manisaspor footballers Category:Slovak Super Liga players Category:Czech First League players Category:Süper Lig players Category:Expatriate footballers in Slovakia Category:Expatriate footballers in Turkey Category:Czech expatriate sportspeople in Slovakia Category:Czech expatriate sportspeople in Turkey Category:Living people Category:1978 births Category:Association football defenders Category:People from Kroměříž District "