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"Gerald Michael Gabbard (born January 15, 1948) is a Samoan American politician, serving as a Democratic member of the Hawaii State Senate for District 20 since 2006. Gabbard rose to prominence for his successful effort to pass a 1998 amendment to the Constitution of Hawaii to give the state legislature "the power to reserve marriage to opposite-sex couples" under the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). Gabbard, who was born in American Samoa, is the first person of Samoan descent to serve in the Hawaii Senate. Early life and education Gabbard was born on January 15, 1948, in Fagatogo, American Samoa, one of eight children of Aknesis Agnes (Yandall) and Benjamin Harrison Gabbard, Jr, a Samoan of American ancestry. Mike Gabbard is of Samoan and European descent from both his maternal and paternal ancestry. He was a U.S. citizen from birth because of his father's U.S. citizenship. Gabbard lived in Hawaii as a child and graduated from Choctawhatchee High School in Fort Walton Beach, Florida. He studied at San Francisco State College and obtained a degree in English from Sonoma State College in 1971. He earned a master's degree in community college administration from Oregon State University. Early career In the 1970s and early 1980s, Gabbard was a guidance counselor and later Assistant Dean of Instruction at American Samoa Community College. He also worked as a head tennis pro at the Kuilima Hyatt Resort on the North Shore of O'ahu in the late 1970s. From 1983 to 1987, Gabbard worked as headmaster and teacher at Ponomauloa School in Wahiawa, Hawaii.https://www.mikegabbard.com/content/mikes-biographical-information From 1988 to 1992, Gabbard and his wife owned The Natural Deli, a vegetarian health food restaurant in Moiliili, Hawaii. Gabbard closed the restaurant following picketing by activists after Gabbard said on his self-funded radio show, "Let's Talk Straight Hawaii," on K-108, that "If [two applicants] were both the same, then I would take the one that is not homosexual." In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Gabbard and his wife worked for state Senator Rick Reed. In the early 1990s, Gabbard and his wife were listed as teachers for the Science of Identity Foundation. Gabbard and his wife later started Hawaiian Toffee Treasures, a candy company in Honolulu. Activism =LGBT rights opposition= Between 1991 and 1996, Gabbard founded the organization Stop Promoting Homosexuality Hawaii (renamed Stop Promoting Homosexuality International), Stop Promoting Homosexuality America, and the Alliance for Traditional Marriage and Values. Gabbard became well known for his advocacy for Hawaii Constitutional Amendment 2 (1998). This amendment, approved by voters 69.2–28.6%, gave the state legislature "the power to reserve marriage to opposite-sex couples" under the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) signed by Bill Clinton in 1996. =Other activism work= Shortly after 9/11, Gabbard founded Stand Up For America (SUFA), a non-profit educational organization. In 2007, Gabbard co-founded the non-profit Aloha Parenting Project (APP) with his wife Carol. Political career Gabbard was elected to the Honolulu City Council in a nonpartisan race in 2002. In 2004, he ran unsuccessfully as a Republican for the Second Congressional District of Hawaii in the United States House of Representatives, losing to state Representative Ed Case. On March 21, 2006, Gabbard announced his plans to run for the Hawaii State Senate in West Oahu's District 19, a seat then held by 14-year incumbent Senator Brian Kanno, who decided not to run for reelection. On November 7, 2006, Gabbard defeated retired Honolulu police captain George Yamamoto by a 56% to 44% margin to represent the district in the Hawaii State Senate. Gabbard was sworn in on January 17, 2007. Gabbard, who was born in American Samoa, became the first person of Samoan descent to serve in the Hawaii Senate. On August 30, 2007, Gabbard switched from the Republican Party of Hawaii to the Democratic Party of Hawaii. His stated reason for doing so was that he believed that he could be more effective to his constituents as part of the majority party in the State Senate, where Democrats have long had a supermajority. On November 2, 2010, Gabbard was re-elected for a second term to the Hawaii State Senate after defeating Republican Aaron Bonar by a 74% to 26% margin. He was the Chair of the Energy & Environment Committee from 2009 to 2015, culminating with his leadership on the passage of a first-in-the- nation law to require Hawaii utilities to get 100% of their electricity from clean, renewable energy sources by 2045. On November 6, 2012, Gabbard defeated Republican candidate Dean Capelouto, 72% to 28%, to represent the newly reapportioned Hawaii State Senate District 20. During the 2016 election cycle, Gabbard was unopposed and was re-elected to the Hawaii State Senate for a four-year term on November 8, 2016. Political positions Gabbard opposes same-sex marriage and civil unions. He believes marriage should only be between a man and a woman.https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/tulsi- gabbards-father-i-never-realized-how-much-trauma-i-put-her-through In 2016, while serving as the Chair of the Water, Land, and Agriculture Committee Gabbard authored a bill banning sales of parts and products of endangered species. In 2018, he authored legislation banning sunscreens that contain the controversial chemicals oxybenzone and octinoxate statewide. The bill also included a ban on the pesticide chlorpyrifos and upon enactment Hawaii became the first state to ban the substance. He is currently the Chair of the Agriculture and Environment Committee. Personal life Mike and his wife Carol Porter were married on December 27, 1968 in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. Porter elected and served from 2000-2004 on the Hawaii State Board of Education. A socially conservative Catholic, Gabbard serves as a lector at St. Jude Catholic Church in Makakilo, Hawaii. His daughter, Tulsi Gabbard, is a member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Hawaii's Second District and was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2020. See also * List of American politicians who switched parties in office Notes References External links Category:1948 births Category:American people of Samoan descent Category:American Roman Catholics Category:Hawaii state senators Category:Honolulu City Council members Category:Living people Category:Oregon State University alumni Category:American Samoan politicians Category:Hawaii Democrats Category:Hawaii Republicans Category:21st-century American politicians Category:Choctawhatchee High School alumni "
"Enteric duplication cysts, sometimes simply called duplication cysts, are rare congenital malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. They most frequently occur in the small intestine, particularly the ileum, but can occur anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract. They may be cystic or tubular in conformation. The condition of having duplication cysts has been called intestinal duplication. Symptoms and signs Symptoms depend on the location of the duplication. Duplications occurring high in the gastrointestinal tract (e.g. esophageal) may cause difficulty breathing due to compression of the airway. Lower gastrointestinal duplications (e.g. duodenum, colon) can be associated with abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, a palpable mass, vomiting, or may cause bowel obstruction. Smaller lesions can act as a so- called "lead point" for intussusception. Diagnosis Treatment Duplications are usually removed surgically, even if they are found incidentally (i.e. not causing symptoms or encountered on routine studies for other reasons), as there is a high incidence of complications resulting from untreated cases. Cysts are often technically easier to remove than tubular malformations since tubular structures usually share a blood supply with the associated gut. References External links *Gastrointestinal duplications at Medscape Category:Congenital disorders of digestive system "
"Sundiata may refer to: *Sundiata Keita (c. 1217-1255), the king of the Mandinka people and founder of the Mali Empire, subject of the epic poem known as "Sundiata" or "Son Jara" **Epic of Sundiata, his story *Sundiata Acoli (born 1939), African-American prisoner *Sekou Sundiata (1948-2007), African- American poet and performer *Daniel Sunjata (born 1971), American actor *Sundiata Gaines (born 1986), American basketball player *Ibrahim K. Sundiata, American historian *Sundiata (album), a 1995 album by jazz saxophonist Chris Potter "