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"The Bréguet Br.1050 Alizé (French: "Tradewind") was a French carrier- based anti-submarine warfare aircraft. It was developed in the 1950s, based loosely on the second prototype Bréguet Vultur attack aircraft which had been modified into the Bréguet Br.965 Épaulard anti-submarine warfare aircraft. Design The Alizé was a low-wing monoplane of conventional configuration powered by a single Rolls-Royce Dart turboprop engine. It had a CSF radar system with a retractable antenna dome in its belly. The cockpit accommodated a crew of three, including pilot, radar operator, and sensor operator. The pilot was seated in front on the left, the navigator in front on the right, and the sensor operator sat sideways behind them. The landing gear was of tricycle configuration, with the main gear retracting backwards into nacelles in the wings. The main gear had dual wheels, and the front part of the nacelles accommodated sonobuoys. The Alizé had a yoke-style arresting hook. The internal weapons bay could accommodate a homing torpedo or depth charges, and underwing stores pylons could carry bombs, depth charges, rockets, or missiles. Typical underwing stores included 68 mm (2.68 in) rocket pods or AS.12 wire-guided antiship missiles. Indian carrier launching an Alize during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war Operational history The prototype Alizé at the 1957 Paris Air Show wearing Aéronavale markings Naval Aviation Museum, India Bréguet Alizé at Toulon-Hyères Airport's Aéronavale hangars, May 2012 Last airworthy Alizé at Muret, 2016 The prototype Alizé first flew on 6 October 1956. It was exhibited at the Paris Air Show at Paris Le Bourget Airport in May 1957. A total of 89 examples of the Alizé were built between 1957 and 1962, including two preproduction prototypes. 75 production aircraft were acquired by the Aéronavale, with initial service delivery in March 1959. The Alizé went into operation on the carriers Arromanches, Clémenceau and Foch, and were also used in shore-based training. 12 were acquired by the Indian Navy. Some sources say that there were five preproduction prototypes, which may mean some of the prototypes were brought up to production standard and passed on to the Aéronavale; and that India acquired 17 examples, which hints that they bought five used aircraft from the Aéronavale. The Indian Navy operated the Alizé from shore bases and from the light carrier . The Alizé was used for reconnaissance and patrol during India's 1961 liberation of Portuguese controlled Goa, and was also used for ASW patrol during the Indo- Pakistani War of 1971, during which one Alizé was shot down by a Pakistan Air Force F-104 Starfighter. It also sank three gunboats. The Alizé dwindled in numbers in the Indian Navy during the 1980s, was relegated to shore-based patrol in 1987. Nevertheless, they were employed that year in support of the Indian Peacekeeping Force's Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka, flying sorties against the LTTE and crippling the merchant ship Progress Light. The type was finally phased out in 1991, replaced in its duties by ASW helicopters. The Aéronavale provided the Alizé with a series of upgrades. A modernization program performed in the early 1980s refitted 28 of the aircraft to the Br.1050M standard, featuring improved Thomson-CSF Iguane radar as used on the Atlantique NG ocean-patrol aircraft, new OMEGA radio navigation gear, and a new ARAR 12 radar and radio location ("electronic support measures / ESM") system. Another upgrade program in the early 1990s fitted 24 of these aircraft with a new decoy system; a microcomputer-based data processing system; a datalink system; and other new avionics. Later in the decade, they were also fitted with the Thomson-CSF TTD Optronique Chlio forward-looking infrared (FLIR) imaging sensor. Despite the upgrades, by this time the Alizé was clearly not capable of hunting modern nuclear submarines, and so it was relegated to ocean surface patrol. As late as 1997, the Aéronavale was still operating 24 examples for surface patrol. The Alizé was used operationally during the NATO air campaign against Yugoslavia over Kosovo in early 1999, with the aircraft flying off the carrier Foch. The last Alizé was withdrawn from service in 2000 with the retirement of the Foch. Operators ; * French Navy ** French Naval Aviation (Aviation Navale) ; * Indian Navy ** Indian Naval Air Arm - 14 aircraft delivered, served from land base (assigned to INAS 310 at INS Hansa) as well as on INS Vikrant (R11); used from 1961 to 1991http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Galleries/History/AirArm/Alize/ Specifications (Bréguet Alizé) See also References *Michell, Simon. (editor). Jane's Civil and Military Aircraft Upgrades 1994-95. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Information Group, 1994. . * External links *Unofficial French Navy site on the Alizé 1050 Category:1950s French anti- submarine aircraft Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft Category:Low-wing aircraft Category:Single-engined turboprop aircraft Category:Carrier-based aircraft Category:Aircraft first flown in 1956 "
"The British Football Association was a short lived ruling body for the game of football. It was set up in 1884 in response to the attitude of the Football Association to the issue of professionalism. History Until the employment of professionals by Darwen and their success in reaching the quarter finals of the FA Cup in 1879, all teams had been amateur. There was a proposal by a London club before the match that any side not consisting entirely of amateurs should be barred from the Cup. The FA Cup was initially contested by mostly southern, amateur teams but more professionally organised northern clubs began to dominate the competition during the early 1880s; "The turning point, north replacing south, working class defeating upper and professionals impinging upon the amateurs' territory, came in 1883." Hitherto, public school sides had played a dribbling game punctuated by violent tackles, but a new passing style developed in Scotland was successfully adopted by some Lancashire teams, along with a more professional approach to training. Blackburn Olympic reached the final in March 1883 and defeated Old Etonians. In 1883 Accrington were expelled from the FA for paying players, while nearby Blackburn Rovers had also started to pay players, and the following season won the first of three consecutive FA Cups. The FA initially tried to outlaw professionalism but, in the face of a threatened break-away association (the British Football Association was formed by 37 mainly northern and midlands-based clubs), was forced to permit payments to players in 1885Lewis, R.W. "'Touched Pitch and Been Shockingly Defiled': Football, Class, Social Darwinism and Decadence in England, 1880-1914", in Mangan, J.A. (1999) Sport in Europe: Politics, Class, Gender (Frank Cass, London), pp.117-143. (the first Football League, established in 1888, featured six teams from northwest England and six from the midlands). This action by the FA was eventually to lead to the break-away and formation of the Amateur Football Association in 1907. A similar split in rugby led to the separate sports of rugby union and rugby league. Sources * Category:Football governing bodies in England Category:1884 establishments in the United Kingdom Category:Defunct association football governing bodies Category:1884 in association football Category:Football organisations in the United Kingdom Category:Sports organizations established in 1884 Category:Defunct sports governing bodies in the United Kingdom "
"Mousetrapping is a technique used by some websites (often tech support scam sites) to keep visitors from leaving their website, either by launching an endless series of pop-up ads, redirects or by re-launching their website in a window that cannot be easily closed (sometimes this window runs like a stand- alone application, and the taskbar and the browser's menu become inaccessible). Many websites that do this also employ browser hijackers to reset the user's default homepage.Other definitions of mousetrapping and related practices are found at Mousetrapping and Pagejacking. One way to end the cycle may be to use keyboard shortcuts (like Alt+F4 in Windows) instead of the mouse to close the windows. Multiple windows can be closed quickly with this method, although it may not always work if there is a resident program which is opening them. Browser extensions which disable scripting for all but a trusted whitelist of sites, such as NoScript Security Suite, can be a useful defence against mousetrapping and malicious sites. The Federal Trade Commission has brought suits against mousetrappers, charging that the practice is a deceptive and unfair competitive practice, in violation of section 5 of the FTC Act.See, for example, the FTC's complaint against John Zuccarini. Typically, mousetrappers register URLs with misspelled names of celebrities (e.g. BrittnaySpears.com) or companies (e.g. BettyCroker.com and WallStreetJournel.com).A catalog of examples of URLs that one mousetrapper registered, which then became involved in ICANN Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution proceedings, is available here. Thus, if someone seeking the Betty_Crocker Website typed Betty_Croker, the person would become ensnared in the mousetrapper's system. Once the viewer is at the site, a Javascript or a click induced by promises of free samples redirects the viewer to a URL and regular site of the mousetrapper's client-advertiser, who (the FTC said in the Zuccarini case) pays him 10 to 25 cents for capturing and redirecting each potential customer. An FTC press release explaining why it opposes mousetrapping states: > Schemes that capture consumers and hold them at sites against their will > while exposing Internet users, including children, to solicitations for > gambling, psychics, lotteries, and pornography must be stopped. :—Timothy J. > Muris, Chairman of the FTCFTC press release Some major, well-known U.S. corporations have used mousetrapping to keep viewers on their web pages.Mousetrapping 2: On to Use of Hyperlinking See also *Page hijacking *Typosquatting *Tech support scam References External links * Mousetrapping and Pagejacking by Richard H. Stern * "Is Mousetrapping Unfair?", IEEE MICRO (Nov.-Dec. 2001) Category:Internet terminology "