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"ROCS Han Yang (DD-15) may refer to one of the following destroyers of the Republic of China Navy: * , the former American USS Hilary P. Jones (DD-427) launched in December 1939; acquired by the Republic of China Navy in February 1954; struck in 1975 and scrapped * , the former American USS Herbert J. Thomas (DD-833) launched in March 1945; acquired by the Republic of China Navy in June 1974; later reclassified as DD-978; decommissioned in 1999 and sunk as artificial reef Han Yang "
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"The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is a fabricated antisemitic text purporting to describe a Jewish plan to achieve global domination. The text was fabricated in the Russian Empire, and was first published in 1903. While there is continued popularity of The Protocols in nations from South America to Asia, since the defeat of Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan in World War II, governments or political leaders in most parts of the world have generally avoided claims that The Protocols represent factual evidence of a real Jewish conspiracy. The exception to this is the Middle East, where a large number of Arab and Muslim regimes and leaders have endorsed them as authentic. Past endorsements of The Protocols from Presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar Sadat of Egypt, Iraqi President Arif, King Faisal of Saudi Arabia, and Colonel Muammar al-Gaddafi of Libya, among other political and intellectual leaders of the Arab world, are echoed by 21st century endorsements from the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Sheikh Ekrima Sa'id Sabri, and Hamas, to the education ministry of Saudi Arabia. at Anti-Defamation League Middle East As popular opposition to Israel spread across the Middle East in the years following its creation in 1948, many Arab governments funded new printings of the Protocols and taught them in their schools as historical fact. They have been accepted as such by many Islamist organizations, such as Hamas and Islamic Jihad. A 2005 report by the Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center found that Arabic editions issued in the Middle East were being sold as far away as London. There are at least nine different Arabic translations of the Protocols and more editions than in any other language including German. The Protocols also figure prominently in the antisemitic propaganda distributed internationally by the Arab countries and have spread to other Muslim countries, such as Pakistan, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Syria The Protocols, together with other antisemitic materials published there, is distributed throughout the Arab world.UNISPAL. Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and All Forms of Discrimination. Question of Violation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in Any Part of the World. Written statement submitted by the Association for World Education. 10 February 2004 In 1997, the two-volume 8th edition of the Protocols, translated and edited by 'Ajaj Nuwaihed, was published by Mustafa Tlass's publishing house and exhibited and sold at the Damascus International Book Fair (IBF) and at the Cairo IBF. At the 2005 Cairo IBF, a stand of the Syrian publisher displayed a new, 2005 edition of the Protocols authorized by the Syrian Ministry of Information.A new 2005 Syrian edition of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion at ITC CSS. February 28, 2005 In Syria, government-controlled television channels occasionally broadcast mini-series concerning the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, along with several other anti-semitic themes.2003's Ash-Shatat, though produced in Syria by a private Syrian film company with Syrian government co-operation, was not shown in Syria. Egypt The Protocols were featured in a 1960 article published by Salah Dasuqi, military governor of Cairo, in al-Majallaaa, the official cultural journal. In 1965, the Egyptian government released an English-language pamphlet titled Israel, the Enemy of Africa and distributed it throughout the English-speaking countries of Africa. The pamphlet used the Protocols and The International Jew as its sources and concluded that all the Jews were cheats, thieves, and murderers. Iran The first Iranian edition of the Protocols was issued during the summer of 1978 before the Iranian Revolution after which the Protocols were widely publicized by the Iranian government. A publication called Imam, published by the Iranian embassy in London, quoted extensively from the Protocols in its issues of 1984 and 1985. In 1985 a new edition of the Protocols was printed and widely distributed by the Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Department, in Tehran. The Astan Quds Razavi Foundation in Mashhad, Iran, one of the wealthiest institutions in Iran, financed publication of the Protocols in 1994. Parts of the Protocols were published by the daily Jomhouri-e Eslami in 1994, under the heading The Smell of Blood, Zionist Schemes. Sobh, a far right monthly newspaper, published excerpts from the Protocols under the heading The text of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion for establishing the Jewish global rule in its December 1998 – January 1999 issue, illustrated with a caricature of the Jewish snake swallowing the globe. Iranian writer and researcher Ali Baqeri, who researched the Protocols, finds their plan for world domination to be merely part of an even more grandiose scheme, saying in Sobh in 1999: > "The ultimate goal of the Jews ... after conquering the globe ... is to > extract from the hands of the Lord many stars and galaxies". In April 2004, the Iranian television station Al-Alam broadcast Al-Sameri wa Al-Saher, a series that reported as fact several conspiracy theories about the Holocaust, Jewish control of Hollywood, and the Protocols.Iranian TV Series Based on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion and the Jewish Control of Hollywood. MEMRI. April 30, 2004 The Iran Pavilion of the 2005 Frankfurt Book Fair had the Protocols, as well as The International Jew available."The Booksellers of Tehran" , The Wall Street Journal, October 28, 2005 In 2008 The Secret of Armageddon, an Iranian TV "documentary" claiming that "a Jewish Plan for the Genocide of Humanity," includes a conspiracy for the takeover of Iran by local Jewish and Bahá'í communities was based on the Protocols."The Secret of Armageddon" on memri On the other hand, Iranian author Abdollah Shahbazi, known for his historical reports of several important events of Iran's history, has denied the authenticity of the Protocols officially on his website and has referred to several international investigations as the basis of his claim.His article about Protocols on the 'Official Site of Abdollah Shahbazi' Lebanon and Hezbollah In March 1970, the Protocols were reported to be the top 'nonfiction' bestseller in Lebanon.Efraim Karsh, Rethinking the Middle East, Routledge, 2003. p. 101 The Country Reports on Human Rights Practices 2004 by the US Department of State states that "the television series, Ash-Shatat ("The Diaspora"), which centred on the alleged conspiracy of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion to dominate the world, was aired in October and November 2003 by the Lebanon-based satellite television network Al-Manar, owned by Hezbollah."Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2004 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the US State Department February 28, 2005 Hamas Hamas's current charter makes no mention of the Protocols.Hamas in 2017: The document in full (Middle East Eye) May 2, 2017. Retrieved September 2019. However, the 1988 version of the Hamas Charter explicitly referred to the Protocols, accepting them as factual and making several references to Freemasons as one of the "secret societies" controlled by "Zionists". The Article 32 of the old Hamas Charter states: :The Zionist plan is limitless. After Palestine, the Zionists aspire to expand from the Nile to the Euphrates. When they will have digested the region they overtook, they will aspire to further expansion, and so on. Their plan is embodied in the "Protocols of the Elders of Zion", and their present conduct is the best proof of what we are saying.The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (HAMAS) August 18, 1988 (The Avalon Project at Yale Law School.) Retrieved October 2005. In its updated charter, Hamas drops this article, clarifying that "its conflict is with the Zionist project not with the Jews because of their religion. Hamas does not wage a struggle against the Jews because they are Jewish, but wages a struggle against the Zionists who occupy Palestine". Hamas in 2017: The document in full (Middle East Eye) May 2, 2017. Retrieved September 2019. Palestinian National Authority According to Itamar Marcus the PNA frequently used the Protocols in the media and education under their control and some Palestinian academics presented the forgery as a plot upon which Zionism is based. For example, on January 25, 2001, the official PNA daily Al-Hayat al-Jadida cited the Protocols on its Political National Education page to explain Israel's policies: > Disinformation has been one of the bases of moral and psychological > manipulation among the Israelis ... The Protocols of the Elders of Zion did > not ignore the importance of using propaganda to promote the Zionist goals. > The second protocol reads: "Through the newspapers we will have the means to > propel and to influence". In the twelfth protocol: "Our governments will > hold the reins of most of the newspapers, and through this plan we will > possess the primary power to turn to public opinion." Later that year the same newspaper wrote: "The purpose of the military policy is to impose this situation on the residents and force them to leave their homes, and this is done in the framework of the Protocols of Zion...""The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" in official PA ideology, 2001–2002 a Bulletin by Itamar Marcus at Palestinian Media Watch. . Retrieved January 2006. The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Sheikh Ekrima Sa'id Sabri appeared on the Saudi satellite channel Al-Majd on February 20, 2005, commenting on the assassination of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri. "Anyone who studies The Protocols of the Elders of Zion and specifically the Talmud," he said, "will discover that one of the goals of these Protocols is to cause confusion in the world and to undermine security throughout the world."The anti-Jewish lie that refuses to die by Steve Boggan, The Times, March 2, 2005 In 2005, it was reported that the Palestinian Authority was referring to the Protocols in a textbook for 10th grade students. After media exposure, the PA issued a revised edition of the textbook that does not include references to the Protocols.Analysis and Evaluation of the New Palestinian Curriculum; Reviewing Palestinian Textbooks and Tolerance Education Program Grades 5 & 10 by Israel/Palestine Center for Research and Information (IPCRI) Submitted to: The Public Affairs Office US Consulate General Jerusalem, July 2006 The New York Times reported that Palestinian Authority Minister of Information Nabil Shaath removed an Arabic translation of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion from his ministry's website. PNA Minister of Information removes the Protocols from their website New York Times, 2005-05-19 Europe In August 2012, the Conference of European Rabbis appealed to Apple Inc to stop selling an Arabic- language version of The Protocols of the Elders of Zion which was being sold via iTunes. Rabbi Pinchas Goldschmidt explained that to "disseminate such hateful invective as a mobile app is dangerous and inexcusable." Yuli Edelstein, Israel's Minister of Public Information and Diaspora Affairs, supported the appeal, explaining that "they wouldn't allow pedophilia and pornography on their networks. They shouldn't allow xenophobia, anti-Semitism or racism." Greece The Protocols is published in Greece by several ultra-right-wing publishers such as Ouranos and Mpimpis. During the last decade, the book has received wide promotion by parliamentary right-wing extremists, most notably Kyriakos Velopoulos. Italy In 2010, an Italian editor has been convicted on charges of libel for publishing the Protocols. He had been sued by the Jewish community of Turin. North America United States The Protocols have had a tumultuous history in the United States ever since Henry Ford began publishing extracts and commentaries of them in The Dearborn Independents column The International Jew. Later, he reprinted the commentaries in a multi-volume series, also called The International Jew. The Protocols were republished as fact in 1991 in Milton William Cooper's conspiracy book Behold a Pale Horse, though Cooper himself holds the Illuminati and not the Jews at fault. The American retail chain Wal-Mart was criticized for selling The Protocols of the Elders of Zion on its website with a description that suggested it might be genuine.Walmart description (excerpt): "If, however, The Protocols are genuine (which can never be proven conclusively), it might cause some of us to keep a wary eye on world affairs." Walmart rolls back Ant-Semitic book at the Southern Poverty Law Center website It was withdrawn from sale in September 2004, as 'a business decision'. It was distributed in the United States by Louis Farrakhan's Nation of Islam.Arthur Hertzberg, Jews: The Essence and Character of a People Harper Collins, 1999. p 34. In 2002, the Paterson, New Jersey-based Arabic language newspaper The Arab Voice published excerpts from the Protocols as true.The Paterson 'Protocols' by Daniel Pipes. New York Post. November 5, 2002 The paper's editor and publisher Walid Rabah defended himself from criticism with the protestation that "some major writers in the Arab nation accept the truth of the book."A documentary film, Protocols of Zion (2005), connects the Protocols to a resurgence of antisemitism following the September 11 World Trade Center attacks. In 2011, Christian writer and conspiracy theorist Texe Marrs published an edition of the Protocols, with a foreword of his own authorship and additional notes by Henry Ford."Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion ", Texe Marrs Soviet Union and post-Soviet states The Soviet Union Howard Sachar describes the allegations of global Jewish conspiracy resurrected during the Soviet "anti-Zionist" campaign in the wake of the Six- Day War: > In late July 1967, Moscow launched an unprecedented propaganda campaign > against Zionism as a "world threat." Defeat was attributed not to tiny > Israel alone, but to an "all-powerful international force" ... In its > flagrant vulgarity, the new propaganda assault soon achieved Nazi-era > characteristics. The Soviet public was saturated with racist canards. > Extracts from Trofim Kichko's notorious 1963 volume, Judaism Without > Embellishment, were extensively republished in the Soviet media. Yuri > Ivanov's Beware: Zionism, a book essentially replicated The Protocols of the > Elders of Zion, was given nationwide coverage.Howard Sachar, A History of > the Jews in the Modern World (Knopf, NY. 2005) p.722 The Russian Federation Despite stipulations against fomenting hatred based on ethnic or religious grounds (Article 282 of Russia Penal Code), the Protocols have enjoyed numerous reprints in the nationalist press after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In 2003, one century after the first publication of the Protocols, an article', Argumenty i Fakty, September 10, 2003 in the most popular Russian weekly Argumenty i Fakty referred to it as a "peculiar bible of Zionism" and showed a photo of the First Zionist Congress of 1897. The co-president of the National-Patriot Union of Russia Alexander Prokhanov wrote: "It does not matter whether the Protocols are a forgery or a factual conspiracy document." The article also contained refutation of the allegations by the president of the Russian Jewish congress Yevgeny Satanovsky. As recently as 2005, the Protocols was "a frequent feature in Patriarchate churches". By Paul Goble UPI, April 13, 2005Antisemitism in the Post-Soviet States by Betsy Gidwitz. (JCPA) (April 2003) On January 27, 2006, members of the Public Chamber of Russia and human rights activists proposed to establish a list of extremist literature whose dissemination should be formally banned for uses other than scientific research. Asia Malaysia A copy of The Protocols on sale at Kuala Lumpur international airport, 2008.The Protocols have been in circulation in Malaysia since 1983. Mahathir Mohamad distributed copies of The Protocols during his years in office as prime minister of the country. In 2006, Masterpiece Publications issued a version of the Protocols under the title World Conquest Through World Jewish Government (). Pakistan A edition was published with the title Jewish conspiracy and the Muslim world under the editorship of Misbahul Islam Faruqi in the late 1960s and republished in 2001. Other contemporary appearances To a great degree, the text is still accepted as truthful in the Middle East, South America, and Asia, especially in Japan where variations on the Protocols have frequently made the bestseller lists.Antisemitism Worldwide 1995–6 (Project for the Study of Antisemitism, Tel Aviv University), pp. 265–6. For more information on the popularity of the Protocols in Japan, see: * First Things Review of "Jews and the Japanese Mind" * by David G. Goodman at HUJI * Article Fugu Plan. In Turkey, The Protocols are particularly popular with ultra-nationalist and Islamist circles. The Protocols was first published in the magazine Millî İnkılâp (National Revolution) in 1934 and triggered the Thracian pogroms (Trakya Olayları) the same year. It ran through over 100 editions from 1943 to 2004 and remains a best-seller.Kavgam ve Siyon Protokolleri, Ayşe Hür, Radikal 2, 13.03.2005 For more information on popularity of antisemitic literature in Turkey, see: * Antisemitism in the Turkish Media: Part 1 of Middle East Media Research Institute In Romania, The Protocols was published in the early 1990s by nationalist writers and neo-legionar groups as Protocoalele Înţelepţilor Sionului. It was widely read in urban areas and mentioned by the people who were disappointed by the new economic rules and inflation. The New Zealand National Front sells copies published by their former national secretary, Kerry Bolton. Bolton also publishes (and the NZNF sells) a book titled The Protocols of Zion in Context that seeks to refute the idea that the Protocols are a forgery. In Indonesia, a translation of the Protocols is available in Indonesian in a bundle with The International Jew. The books were translated and published in 2006 by the Hikmah division of the publisher Mizan. References External links Category:Protocols of the Elders of Zion "