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"James John Henry Hislop (1825 – 23 October 1909) was a convict transported to Western Australia. After the expiry of his sentence, he became the first ex- convict in Western Australia to be appointed a teacher. Life John Hislop was a clerk in the British Army before being sentenced to seven years transportation for an unknown crime. He arrived in Western Australia on board the Pyrenees in June 1851 and received his ticket of leave on arrival in the colony. In October 1853 he married Bridget Mulqueen, with whom he would have twelve children. Hislop was officially appointed the government schoolteacher at Bunbury in 1853, but it is said that he was already conducting the school before then. He ran the school for nine years, during which time he taught John and Alexander Forrest. He was considered a poor teacher by the Board of Education, which wrote that the "school had not progressed as satisfactorily as the Board would wish". In 1862, Hislop was charged with obtaining money by false pretences. He was acquitted, but still dismissed from his teaching post for "improper conduct". He then became the proprietor of the Wellington Hotel, and later a councillor. He died in Bunbury on 23 October 1909. See also * Ex-convict school teachers in Western Australia References External links * Category:1825 births Category:1909 deaths Category:Convicts transported to Western Australia Category:Western Australian local government politicians Category:Australian schoolteachers Category:Clerks Category:19th- century Australian politicians "
"Patersonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae commonly known as native iris or native flag."Patersonia species" on the australian national herbarium web site It was first described as a genus in 1807 by Robert Brown. It is native to Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia, and insular Southeast Asia.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant FamiliesCooke, D. A. (1986). Patersonia. Flora of Australia 46: 13-26. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. The genus name is a tribute to the first Lieutenant Governor of New South Wales in Australia, William Paterson. They are perennials with basal leaves growing from a woody rhizome that in some species extends above ground to form a short trunk. The leaves are tough and fibrous, often with adaptations for conserving moisture, such as stomata sunk in grooves, a thickened cross-section, marginal hairs, and thickened margins. The flowers appear from between a pair of bracts on a leafless stem. They have three large outer tepals that are usually blue to violet, and three tiny inner tepals. There are three stamens fused at the base to form a tube around the longer style, which bears a flattened stigma.Goldblatt, P. (2011). Systematics of Patersonia (Iridaceae, Patersonioideae) in the Malesian archipelago. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 98: 514-523. Several Patersonia species are grown as garden plants. They can be propagated by seed or by division. ; Species * Patersonia argyrea D.A.Cooke \- Gairdner Range in Western Australia * Patersonia babianoides Benth. \- Western Australia * Patersonia borneensis Stapf \- Sabah * Patersonia drummondii F.Muell. ex Benth. \- Western Australia * Patersonia fragilis (Labill.) Asch. & Graebn. \- swamp iris, a plant of sandy coastal heathlands in south-eastern Australia (southern Queensland to Tasmania); it has narrow, grey-green leaves and pale violet flowers close to the ground * Patersonia glabrata R.Br. \- Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria - leafy purple flag, bugulbi (Cadigal), a shrub up to 80 cm high with wiry, tangled stems * Patersonia graminea Benth. \- Western Australia * Patersonia inaequalis Benth. \- Western Australia * Patersonia inflexa Goldblatt \- Papua New Guinea * Patersonia juncea Lindl. \- Western Australia * Patersonia lanata R.Br. \- Western Australia * Patersonia limbata Endl. \- Stirling Range in Western Australia * Patersonia lowii Stapf \- Sabah * Patersonia macrantha Benth. \- Northern Territory of Australia * Patersonia maxwellii (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. \- Western Australia * Patersonia neocaledonica Goldblatt & J.C.Manning \- New Caledonia * Patersonia novo- guineensis Gibbs \- Arfak Mountains in Province of West Papua in Indonesia * Patersonia occidentalis R.Br., which grows up to 75 cm tall and has blue flowers. It is widespread in southern Australia (South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, Western Australia) * Patersonia philippinensis Goldblatt \- Mindoro Island in Philippines * Patersonia pygmaea Lindl. \- Western Australia * Patersonia rudis Endl. \- Western Australia * Patersonia sericea R.Br. New South Wales * Patersonia spirafolia Keighery \- Western Australia * Patersonia sumatrensis Goldblatt \- Sumatra * Patersonia umbrosa Endl. , a species from Western Australia that has two colour variants, the typical blue-violet variety, and the yellow-flowered var. xanthina from the karri forests References Category:Iridaceae Category:Iridaceae genera "
"The Yuki–Wappo or Yukian languages are a small language family of western California consisting of two distantly related languages, both now extinct. The Yukian languages may be, along with Chumashan and perhaps languages of southern Baja such as Waikuri, one of the oldest language families established in California, before the arrival of speakers of Penutian, Uto-Aztecan, and perhaps even Hokan languages. All three are spoken in areas with long- established populations of a distinct physical type.Golla, Victor. (2011). California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. Family division The family consists of : 1. Yuki : 2. Wappo Yuki consisted of three dialects: Yuki, Coast Yuki, and Huchnom. Wappo was spoken in four dialects in the Napa Valley, with a fifth dialect spoken in an enclave on Clear Lake. Wappo and Yuki are quite divergent grammatically and lexically (Goddard 1996: 83), which has led to contested theories about their relationship. Additionally, the Wappo and Yuki people were quite distinct culturally and even in physical type (Goddard 1996: 83). The Yuki–Wappo languages appear to belong to the very earliest strata of languages in California, even predating Hokan (Goddard 1996: 84). Yuki is associated with the Mendocino Complex around Clear Lake (3000 BCE), while Wappo of the Napa Valley is associated with the St. Helena Aspect of the Augustine Pattern. Proto-Yukian peoples may be of the Post Pattern (9000 BCE). Some evidence suggests the two languages separated around 2000–1000 . Wappo speakers may have separated from Yuki due to migrations of Pomoan peoples. Alternatively, the Yuki and Wappo may have entered Northern California as distinct communities that settled in different areas, or Wappo speakers may have migrated south from the Yuki–Wappo heartland in the upper reaches of the Eel River. The Wappo migration to Alexander Valley in the 19th century was due to a war with the Southern Pomo. Genetic relations The relationship between Yuki and Wappo was contested by Jesse Sawyer who believes that the similarities are due to linguistic borrowing and shared areal features. However, William Elmendorf has presented some persuasive evidence in favor of the relationship, noting that they are as close as two branches of Indo- European. Campbell (1997) considers Elmendorf's evidence to be conclusive. Mithun (1999) reports that the relationship remains open to question, Golla (2011) that it is securely demonstrated. Yuki–Wappo has been linked to a number of hypothetical relationships: * under Penutian including a connection to Yokutsan and also to a California Penutian sub-group * under Hokan (including under Edward Sapir's Hokan–Siouan) * connected to Siouan * in Morris Swadesh's Hokogian family with Hokan, Muskogean, and other Gulf languages, grouped together with Coahuiltecan and Chitimacha (and not with Hokan, pace Sapir) To date, none of these proposals have been successfully demonstrated. Bibliography * Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. . * Goddard, Ives (Ed.). (1996). Languages. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 17). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. . * Golla, Victor. (2011). California Indian Languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. * Heizer, Robert F. (Ed.). (1978). California. Handbook of North American Indians (W. C. Sturtevant, General Ed.) (Vol. 8). Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution. * Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (hbk); . References Category:Language families Category:Penutian languages Category:Indigenous languages of California "