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"Iris Zscherpe (born 7 January 1967) is a German former swimmer who competed in the 1984 Summer Olympics. References Category:1967 births Category:Living people Category:German female swimmers Category:Female freestyle swimmers Category:Olympic swimmers of West Germany Category:Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics Category:Olympic bronze medalists for West Germany Category:Olympic bronze medalists in swimming Category:European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming Category:Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics "
"The McMahon Government was the period of federal executive government of Australia led by Prime Minister William McMahon of the Liberal Party. It was made up of members of a coalition between the Liberal Party and the Country Party, led by Doug Anthony as Deputy Prime Minister. The McMahon Government lasted from March 1971 to December 1972, being defeated at the 1972 federal election. Writing for the Australian Dictionary of Biography, Julian Leeser describes McMahon's prime ministership as "a blend of cautious innovation and fundamental orthodoxy". Background Then-Prime Minister John Gorton with William McMahon shortly after the unsuccessful leadership challenge in 1969. John Gorton became Prime Minister of Australia on 10 January 1968. He was chosen to lead the Liberal Party in place of Harold Holt, who had drowned in rough surf off the Victorian coast. William McMahon was then serving as Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party, but Country Party leader John McEwen ruled out maintaining the Coalition if McMahon became Prime Minister. McMahon as Treasurer had resisted McEwen's support for high levels of protection for manufacturing.Brian Carroll; From Barton to Fraser; Cassell Australia; 1978 Defence and Australia's commitment to the Vietnam War was a prominent issue during the term of the Gorton Government; funding for the arts was expanded, rates of pay were standardised between the men and women and the mining industry grew during the period. A policy of economic centralisation led to friction with State leaders and difficulties within the coalition. Gorton departed the office of Prime Minister on 10 March 1971 after a tied Liberal party room vote of confidence in his leadership.http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/gorton/in- office.aspx The Liberal-Country Party Coalition had been in office continually since 1949. In April 1967, Gough Whitlam replaced Arthur Calwell as leader of the Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition. Labor reduced the Gorton Government's majority and came within four seats of government at the 1969 election; McMahon unsuccessfully challenged Gorton for the leadership in the aftermath. The government also performed poorly in the 1970 half-Senate election, adding to pressures on Gorton's leadership. Defence minister Malcolm Fraser developed an uneasy relationship with Gorton and in early 1971, Fraser accused Gorton of being disloyal to him in a conflict with Army officials over progress in South Vietnam.http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/fraser/before- office.aspx On 8 March 1971, Fraser resigned and announced in parliament the following day that Gorton was "not fit to hold the great office of Prime Minister". On 10 March, the Liberal party room moved to debate and vote on a motion of confidence in Gorton as party leader, resulting in a 33–33 tie. In response Gorton said ‘that is not a vote of confidence’ and resigned as leader. By this time John McEwen had dropped his veto of McMahon. McMahon replaced Gorton as Prime Minister. Gorton was elected deputy leader. His relations with Fraser did not recover.http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/mcmahon/in-office.aspx William McMahon had joined the Parliament in 1949 and by 1951 had been promoted to Minister for the Navy and for the Air. He had served as a major during the Second World War, and worked on home defence. He served as Minister for Primary Industry (1956–58) and Minister for Labour and National Service (1958–66) in the Menzies Government, then as Treasurer (1966–69) in the Holt Government and Gorton Government, and finally as Minister for External Affairs (1969–71) in the Gorton government. He was married to Sonia McMahon, who maintained a high public profile. Term in office Deputy Prime Minister and Leader of the Country Party, Doug Anthony. William "Bill" McMahon became Prime Minister of Australia on 10 March 1971, at the age of 63. The McMahon Ministry was sworn in by Governor-General Paul Hasluck with Country Party leader Doug Anthony as Deputy Prime Minister. McMahon moved Gorton's Treasurer, Leslie Bury to the Ministry for External Affairs and installed Billy Snedden as Treasurer. After taking office, McMahon told the press in March 1971: United States President Richard Nixon with Prime Minister McMahon at the White House in 1971. Disunity continued to affect the Government, following the replacement of Gorton. Gorton had taken the senior Cabinet position of Minister for Defence but was forced to resign from Cabinet in August 1971, after McMahon accused him of breaching Cabinet solidarity. =Defence Policy= McMahon maintained Australia's diminishing commitment to Vietnam and criticised Opposition leader, Gough Whitlam, for visiting Communist China in 1972 – only to have the US President Richard Nixon announce a planned visit soon after. Anticipating a US withdrawal, the McMahon Government announced an 'accelerated withdrawal' of Australian troops in Vietnam in July 1971. =Indigenous Affairs= Bill Wentworth occupied the new post of Minister for Aboriginal Affairs. During McMahon's period in office, Neville Bonner joined the Senate and became the first Indigenous Australian in the Australian Parliament.http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/timeline/results.aspx Bonner was chosen by the Liberal Party to fill a Senate vacancy in 1971 and celebrated his maiden parliamentary speech with a boomerang throwing display on the lawns of Parliament. Bonner went on to win election at the 1972 election and served as a Liberal Senator for 12 years. He worked on Indigenous and social welfare issues and proved an independent minded Senator, often crossing the floor on Parliamentary votes. Land Rights were a topical issue during the term of the McMahon Government and in 1972, Aboriginal protestors set up a Tent Embassy on the lawns in front of Parliament House. The government accepted the recommendations of the Gibb committee on Aboriginal employment, which included the lease of land at Wattie Creek to the Gurindji people, who had been staging a strike on a section of the Vestey company lease since 1966. =Economy= As the 1972 election approached, inflation and unemployment were increasing and the world economy was entering the 1970s decline. In 1971, the Government delivered a deflationary budget in response to economic conditions- but in 1972, faced with the challenge of Gough Whitlam's vast program of expenditure, Treasurer Snedden delivered a more election-friendly high spending budget. =1972 Election= The McMahon Government ended when Gough Whitlam led the Australian Labor Party out of its 23-year period in Opposition at 2 December 1972 election. The charismatic Whitlam led an effective campaign that resulted in Labor securing 67 seats to the Coalition's 58, leaving McMahon as the first non-Labor leader to suffer an election defeat since 1946. Aftermath McMahon did not recontest the leadership of the Liberal Party and became a backbencher. Several candidates ran for the party leadership, including John Gorton, but the party settled on Billy Snedden with Phillip Lynch as Deputy. McMahon remained in the parliament as a backbencher for 10 years after losing office as Prime Minister. He retired in 1982.http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/primeministers/mcmahon/after-office.aspx Snedden led the Coalition to the 1974 Election. Malcolm Fraser became leader of the Liberals and led the Coalition to a landslide victory against Gough Whitlam's Labor Party, following the 1975 Dismissal of the Whitlam Government. See also *History of Australia *History of Australia since 1945 *McMahon Ministry References Mcmahon Category:Liberal Party of Australia Category:History of Australia since 1945 Category:1971 establishments in Australia Category:1972 disestablishments in Australia "
"There were two United States House of Representatives special elections in Hawaii's 2nd congressional district within 35 days of each other to select the successor to Democrat Patsy Mink who had died from pneumonia. The elections, held November 30, 2002 and January 4, 2003, were officially nonpartisan and each held as general elections without primaries to pick a successor for the remainder of her term in the 107th Congress and for the next term in the 108th Congress, to which Mink was posthumously re-elected. Both elections were won by Democrat Ed Case. Background On August 30, 2002, Mink was hospitalized in Honolulu's Straub Clinic and Hospital with complications from chickenpox. Her condition steadily worsened, and on September 28, 2002, Mink died in Honolulu of viral pneumonia. The week prior to her untimely death, she had won renomination. By this point, it was too late to remove her name from the general election ballot. On November 5, 2002, Mink was posthumously re-elected over state Representative Bob McDermott (R). As a result, this triggered two separate special elections: the first to fill the vacancy during the end of the 107th Congress and the second for the new term beginning on January 3, 2003. In accordance with Hawaiian law the elections were single nonpartisan races without primaries. Election to the 107th Congress (November 30, 2002) The two most notable candidates to compete in the first election were then- state representative and former state House Majority Leader Ed Case and John Mink, the former husband of the late Congresswoman. Despite the latter's connections to the district's prior representative, Case would win the election with fifty-one percent of the vote. Election to the 108th Congress (January 4, 2003) The now-freshman incumbent Case immediately ran for reelection in the early January 2003 race for the second district seat in the 108th Congress, going up against more than three dozen other candidates. Other Democrats included state Senators Matt Matsunaga and Colleen Hanabusa. Republicans included state Representatives Barbara Marumoto and Bob C. McDermott, and former Honolulu Mayor Frank Fasi. Case won this election with 43 percent of the vote. References 2002–2003 02 special Hawaii 2002–2003 02 Hawaii 02 special Hawaii 02 United States House of Representatives 02 special Hawaii 02 special Hawaii 02 United States House of Representatives 02 special United States House of Representatives 2002–2003 02 "