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"Burns may refer to: * Burn, an injury (plural) People: * Burns (surname), includes list of people and characters Business: * Burns London, a British guitar maker Places: ;In the United States * Burns, Colorado, unincorporated community in Eagle County * Burns, Kansas, city in Marion County * Burns, Missouri, unincorporated community * Burns, New York, town in Allegany County * Burns, Oregon, city in Harney County * Burns, Tennessee, town in Dickson County * Burns, Wisconsin, town in La Crosse County ** Burns (community), Wisconsin, an unincorporated community * Burns, Wyoming, town in Laramie County Buildings: * H.B. Burns Memorial Building, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C. Ships: * USS Burns (DD-171), a United States Navy destroyer in commission from 1919 to 1930 * USS Burns (DD-588), a United States Navy destroyer in commission from 1943 to 1946 * USS W. W. Burns (1861), a schooner acquired by the United States Navy in 1861 Astronomical objects: * 2708 Burns, asteroid * Burns (crater), a crater on Mercury See also * Burn (disambiguation) * Burns Township (disambiguation) * Burnside (disambiguation) * Burnsville (disambiguation) * Burns (surname), a surname * Byrnes (disambiguation) "
"Ruminantia is a taxon within the order Artiodactyla that includes many of the well-known large grazing or browsing mammals: among them cattle, goats, sheep, deer, and antelope. All members of the Ruminantia employ foregut fermentation and are ruminants: they digest food in two steps, chewing and swallowing in the normal way to begin with, and then regurgitating the semidigested cud to rechew it and thus extract the maximum possible food value. Evolution Ruminantiamorpha is a total clade of artiodactyls defined, according to Spaulding et al., as "Ruminantia plus all extinct taxa more closely related to extant members of Ruminantia than to any other living species." Spaulding grouped some genera of the family Anthracotheriidae within Ruminantiamorpha (but not in Ruminantia), but placed others within Ruminantiamorpha's sister clade, Cetancodontamorpha. The Tragulidae are the basal family in Ruminantia. The ancestral Ruminantia karyotype is 2n = 48, similar to that of ancestral cetartiodactyls. * ORDER ARTIODACTYLA ** Suborder Suina: pigs and peccaries ** Suborder Tylopoda: camels and llamas, 7 living species in 3 genera ** Suborder Cetruminantia: ruminants, whales and hippos *** unranked Ruminantia **** Infraorder Tragulina (paraphyletic) ***** Family †Prodremotheriidae ***** Family †Hypertragulidae ***** Family †Praetragulidae ***** Family †Protoceratidae ***** Family Tragulidae: chevrotains, 6 living species in 4 genera ***** Family †Archaeomerycidae ***** Family †Lophiomerycidae **** Infraorder Pecora ***** Family Cervidae: deer and moose, 49 living species in 16 genera ***** Family †Gelocidae ***** Family †Palaeomerycidae ***** Family †Hoplitomerycidae ***** Family †Climacoceratidae ***** Family Giraffidae: giraffe and okapi, 2 living species in 2 genera ***** Family Antilocapridae: pronghorn, one living species in one genus ***** Family †Leptomerycidae ***** Family Moschidae: musk deer, 4 living species in one genus ***** Family Bovidae: cattle, goats, sheep, and antelope, 143 living species in 53 genera Not all ruminants belong to the Ruminantia.Whistler, D. P. and S. D. Webb. 2005. New goatlike camelid from the late Pliocene of Tecopa Lake Basin, California. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County Contributions in Science 503:1-40. Tylopoda (such as camels, which chew a cud) and Hippopotamidae (such as hippopotami, which do not chew a cud) are classified as pseudoruminants. A number of other large grazing mammals, e.g. horses and kangaroos, employ hindgut fermentation as an adaptation for surviving on large quantities of low-grade food. The digestive system of ruminants is composed of: * Mouth * Tongue * Esophagus * Stomach ** Rumen ** Reticulum ** Omasum ** Abomasum * Liver (attached gland) * Pancreas (attached gland) * Large intestine * Small intestine * Rectum * Anus Bovine buccal cavity (upper and lower parts).jpgBovine buccal cavity (upper and lower parts). Bovine duodenal papilla.jpgBovine duodenal papilla. Goat liver (bile ducts).jpgGoat liver. Ovine stomach.jpgOvine stomach. Sheep liver (bile ducts).jpgSheep liver. Didactic model of a bovine Rumen and Reticulum-FMVZ USP-27.jpegDidactic model of a bovine Rumen and Reticulum. Didactic model of a bovine omasum and abomasum-FMVZ USP-26.jpegDidactic model of a bovine omasum and abomasum. Bovine liver.jpgBovine liver. References External links * Category:Even-toed ungulates Category:Extant Ypresian first appearances "
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