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"Mary Margaret Hagedorn (born September 12, 1954) is a US marine biologist specialised in physiology who has developed a conservation program for coral species, using the principles of cryobiology, the study of cellular systems under cold conditions, and cryopreservation, the freezing of sperm and embryos. Life Mary Hagedorn grew up in Long Island Sound, Connecticut, where she developed an interest in oceans and sea life. From then on, Hagedorn knew she wanted a job in aquatic species research. She received her bachelor's and master's degrees in Biology from Tufts University, and she earned her Ph.D. in Marine Biology from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University of California at San Diego. Upon graduation, Hagedorn studied fish physiology. After a trip to the Amazon left two of her colleagues dead, Hagedorn reached a turning point in her career. She decided to stop studying electric fish and focus her physiological efforts on coral, which were impacted by the warming of the oceans. Research Awards and honors References Further reading * External links * Official Curriculum Vitae Category:1954 births Category:Living people Category:American marine biologists Category:American physiologists Category:Great Barrier Reef Category:Women physiologists Category:Tufts University alumni Category:Scripps Institution of Oceanography alumni Category:American women scientists "
"The 37th Flying Training Wing is an inactive United States Army Air Forces unit. It was last assigned to the Western Flying Training Command, and was disbanded on 16 June 1946 at Luke Field, Arizona. There is no lineage between the United States Air Force 37th Training Wing, established on 22 December 1939 as the 37th Pursuit Group (Interceptor) at Albrook Army Airfield, Panama Canal Zone, and this organization. History The wing directed Training Command Flight Schools in Arizona. Most the assigned schools provided phase II basic and phase II advanced flying training for Air Cadets, although the wing also commanded both contract basic (phase I) and Army schools. Graduates of the advanced schools were commissioned as Second Lieutenants, received their "wings" and were reassigned to Operational or Replacement Training Units operated by one of the four numbered air fores in the zone of interior. As training requirements changed during the war, schools were activated and inactivated or transferred to meet those requirements.Manning, Thomas A. (2005), History of Air Education and Training Command, 1942–2002. Office of History and Research, Headquarters, AETC, Randolph AFB, Texas ASIN: B000NYX3PC = Lineage= * Established as 37th Flying Training Wing on 17 December 1942 : Activated on 8 January 1943 : Disbanded 16 June 1946.35th Flying Training Wing, lineage and history document Air Force Historical Agency, Maxwell AFB, Alabama =Assignments= * AAF West Coast (later, AAF Western Flying) Training Center, 8 January 1943 – 16 June 1946 =Training aircraft= The schools of the wing used a wide variety of planes to support its numerous training needs: * Primary training aircraft were the Boeing-Stearman PT-17 and Ryan PT-22. PT-13 and PT-27 aircraft were also used which were basic Stearmans with varying horsepower ratings. * The Vultee BT-13 was the basic training aircraft, along with its cousin the Vultee BT-15 * The North American AT-6 was used as the single-engine advanced trainer * The Cessna AT-17 Bobcat was the standard two-engine advanced trainer, along with the Cessna UC-78 variant of the AT-17 : Curtiss-Wright AT-9s were used for high performance two-engine training in perpetration for Lockheed P-38 Lightning training : Beechcraft AT-10s were used for pilots in training for two engine bombers (B-25s and B-26s) : Beechcraft AT-11s were used for pilots in training for C-47 transports =Assigned Schools= ; Ajo Army Airfield, Arizona : AAF Flying Gunnery School (Fixed) : 330th Gunnery Training Group : Opened: August 1942, Closed: April 1945 (AT-6, AT-9) : Satellite of Luke Field; taken over by Williams Field, 1 July 1943 ; Dateland Army Airfield, Dateland, Arizona : AAF Advanced Flying School, Two-Engine : Satellite of Yuma Army Airfield : Airfield supported gunnery training, no permanent aircraft assigned ; Douglas Army Airfield, Douglas, Arizona : AAF Advanced Flying School, Two-Engine, also Two-Engine Transition : 310th Two-Engine Flying Training Group : Opened: August 1942, Closed: November 1945 (AT-9, AT-17, UC-78, AT-24) : Aircraft carried fuselage code: "A"; Became exclusive B-25 Mitchell and B-26 Marauder two-engine transition school October 1944, closed November 1945 ; Echeverria Field, Wickenburg, Arizona : AAF Contract Pilot School (Primary) : 5th Glider Training Detachment : Opened: October 1941, Closed: April 1944 (PT-17, PT-27, PT-13) : Operated by: Claiborne Flight Academy; Glider training Jan 1941 – Feb 1943; Primary flight training February 1943 – April 1944 ; Gila Bend Gunnery Range, Gila Bend, Arizona : AAF Flying Gunnery School (Fixed) : Opened: September 1942, Closed: September 1944 (AT-6) : Satellite of Luke Field, operated AT-6s for gunnery practice ; Luke Field, Phoenix, Arizona : AAF Advanced Flying School, Single-Engine : AAF Advanced Flying School, Single- Engine (Transition) : 330th Single Engine Flying Training Group : Opened: March 1941, Closed: July 1946 (PT-17, AT-6, P-36, P-39, P-40) : Aircraft carried fuselage code "X"; AT-6s flown from July 1941 until end of war; transition school operated P-36s (1941), P-39s, P-40s; Advanced Flying School closed July 1946; remained open as training base, becoming Luke Air Force Base in 1948. ; Marana Army Air Field, Marana, Arizona : AAF Basic Flying School : AAF Advanced Flying School, Single-Engine : Opened: August 1942, Closed: August 1945 (BT-13, AT-6) : Aircraft carried fuselage code: "S";Flight Training Field Fuselage Codes of World War II Became advanced single-engine school October 1944 ; Ryan Field, Tucson, Arizona : AAF Contract Pilot School (Primary) : 11th Flying Training Detachment : Opened: July 1942, Closed: September 1944 (PT-17, PT-22, PT-27) : Operated by: Ryan School of Aeronautics, Hemet, California; transferred to United States Marine Corps, April 1945 ; Thunderbird Field No. 1, Phoenix, Arizona : AAF Contract Pilot School (Primary) : 6th Flying Training Detachment : Opened: September 1939, Closed: July 1945 (PT-13, PT-17) : Operated by: Thunderbird Corporation ; Thunderbird Field No. 2, Scottsdale, Arizona : AAF Contract Pilot School (Primary) : 12th Flying Training Detachment : Opened: June 1942, Closed: October 1944 (PT-17) : Operated by: Thunderbird Corporation ; Williams Field, Chandler, Arizona : AAF Advanced Flying School, Single-Engine : AAF Advanced Flying School, Two/Four-Engine, also Two/Four-Engine Transition : Opened: January 1942, Closed: June 1948 (AT-6, AT-9, AT-10, AT-11, AT-17, B-25, B-17, B-24) : Aircraft carried fuselage code: "Y" Became single-engine AT-6 school in December 1943; Two/Four engine training beginning May 1945; became permanent USAF Williams Air Force Base, 1948. Closed 1993 ; Yuma Army Airfield, Yuma, Arizona : AAF Advanced Flying School, Single-Engine : AAF Advanced Flying School, Two-Engine, also Two-Engine Transition : 307th Single- Engine Flying Training Group : Opened: November 1942, Closed: December 1945 (AT-6, AT-9, AT-17, UC-78, B-25) : Aircraft carried fuselage code: "U"; Also operated Yuma gunnery and bombing ranges =Stations= * Luke Field, Arizona, 8 January 1943 – 16 June 1946. See also * Army Air Forces Training Command * Other Western Flying Training Command Flight Training Wings: : 35th Flying Training Wing (World War II) Basic/Advanced Flight Training (California) : 36th Flying Training Wing (World War II) Primary Flight Training : 38th Flying Training Wing (World War II) Bombardier and Specialized 2/4-Engine Training : 81st Flying Training Wing (World War II) Classification/Preflight Unit References Category:Training wings of the United States Army Air Forces Category:Military units and formations established in 1942 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1946 Category:1942 establishments in Arizona Category:1946 disestablishments in Arizona "
"Charlotte Gower Chapman, born Charlotte Day Gower, was an ethnologist and an author. In 1928, she received a Ph.D in Anthropology from the University of Chicago. Later on while working at Lingnan University in China during World War II she was taken prisoner by the Japanese when the US entered the war, but was released by 1942. After, she joined the United States Marine Corps and worked in the Office of Strategic Services until 1947 when she became an employee of the Central Intelligence Agency until her retirement in 1964. Chapman wrote an anthropological study titled Milocca: A Sicilian Village, which included a detailed account of daily life, traditions and even mysticism that would have been familiar to earlier generations of Sicilians but was about to be inexorably changed by the events of the twentieth century.Chapman CG.(1971) Milocca: A Sicilian Village. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Pub. Co. Education Gower enrolled in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Chicago in 1924. Gower's M.A. and PhD research was heavily influenced by both Franz Boas' four-fields anthropology and Chicago School sociology. She served as a member of Fay-Cooper Cole's field survey work studying Illinois' prehistory for two years beginning in 1926, and presented on the work of the archaeological field party at the Central Section of the American Anthropological Association's Chicago meeting in 1927. Gower was awarded her master's degree in 1926 for her historical ethnology thesis on aboriginal West Indian cultures titled, "The Northern and Southern Affiliations of Antillean Culture." She conducted her Ph.D. dissertation research among Chicago's Sicilian immigrant community, focusing initially on Sicilian religion and culture during that city's Prohibition era. However, Gower then departed for 18 months of field research, supported by a Social Science Research Council fellowship, in the remote Sicilian mountain village of Milocca, where she became fluent in both the local Sicilian dialect and standard Italian, and pursued her research goals despite the challenges of working as a woman in the field in early 20th century Italy. She received her Ph.D. in 1928, and was one of only two women awarded that degree from the University of Chicago's Department of Sociology and Anthropology during her four years of study at that institution. Work In Milocca, Gower not only describes the traditional aspects of the community in which she immersed herself, but also recorded and relayed the political tensions of the time between socialists and fascists, and described a 1920 uprising where local laborers took possession of six large estates. She also described the rise of the fascists to power throughout Italy at the time, and the role of the Sicilian Mafia in village life, with Milocca the site of a mass arrest of suspected mafiosi in January 1928. Gower's Milocca is considered a comprehensive community study focusing on social stratification, while also serving as an account of Sicilian kinship, religious beliefs and practices, including the annual processions of saints or festas, and remains one of the only accounts of Sicilian village life from the pre-war period, and is cited extensively in John Davis's People of the Mediterranean (1977). Charlotte Gower joined the faculty of the University of Wisconsin in 1930 as an assistant professor, but left in 1938 to take a teaching position at Ling-Nan University in China. References Category:Women anthropologists Category:CIA activities in Asia Category:1902 births Category:1982 deaths Category:American ethnologists Category:Women ethnologists Category:University of Chicago alumni Category:People of the Office of Strategic Services Category:20th-century American women scientists Category:20th-century American scientists "