❤️ Northern Caribbean University 🐢

"Northern Caribbean University (NCU) is a private, liberal-arts institution owned and operated by the Jamaica Union Conference (JAMU) and the Atlantic Caribbean Union Mission (ACUM) of Seventh-day Adventists, and is located in Jamaica. With its main campus only 2 miles south of Mandeville town, in Manchester, and three other campuses situated in Kingston, Montego Bay and Salem Runaway Bay, St. Ann, this university offers a number of professional, pre-professional and vocational programmes in a spiritually wholesome and aesthetically pleasing atmosphere. Established in 1907, NCU currently enjoys an average yearly enrolment of over five thousand students, from up to 35 countries, and is the world’s largest English speaking Seventh-day Adventist tertiary institution. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world's second largest Christian school system.http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2010/1115/For-real- education-reform-take-a-cue-from-the-Adventists"the second largest Christian school system in the world has been steadily outperforming the national average – across all demographics." History Northern Caribbean University is the oldest private tertiary institution in Jamaica, and was first known as West Indian Training School. It began with 8 students in 1907, as an institution offering courses only up to the twelfth grade. Following a temporary closure in 1913 it resumed operations in 1919. In 1936 it was renamed West Indian Training College. As its offerings developed to include theology, teacher education, secretarial science, business, and natural sciences, it became a junior college. It achieved senior college status in the late 1950s when it began to offer the bachelor's degree in Theology and was renamed West Indies College in 1959. Since then, baccalaureate programmes in some twenty other disciplines have been added. In 1999 the college was granted university status by the Jamaican Government, and was renamed Northern Caribbean University. Currently the university offers graduate and post- graduate programs in the sciences, religion, business and education. Hyacinth Chen Nursing School The Hyacinth Chen School of Nursing was officially opened on the 10th of August 2008 on a location directly across from the Northern Caribbean University campus across from NCU's Dental Centre located in Mandeville, Jamaica. The school is owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Jamaica. The school is being named in honour of Mrs. Hyacinth Chen, the mother of major donor, Michael Lee-Chin, Jamaican/Canadian businessman. The school will hold 800 nursing students and will reduce Jamaica's nursing shortage. Hyacinth Chen Nursing School Awards The university gained global exposure in the Microsoft Imagine Cup competition of 2007 where members of the school's Computer and Information Sciences department competing as Team ICAD took 3rd place. NCU was crowned regional champions in 2005, 2007, and 2009. In 2007, NCU Imagine Cup Team ICAD represented Jamaica and the region at the world finals in South Korea where it outclassed competitors from across the globe to place 3rd in the world.News - Northern Caribbean University (NCU) .: Mandeville, Jamaica W.I. - 1-876-962-2204 Research The university hosts a local research centre of the Ellen G. White Estate. Historic buildings Several buildings on the NCU site have been declared as National Historic Sites by the Jamaica National Heritage Trust, including Rose Cottage and the school's chapel. Notable alumni * Stennett H. Brooks, president of the Northeastern Conference of Seventh-Day Adventist Churches * Patrece Charles-Freeman, Jamaican public health expert See also * List of Seventh-day Adventist colleges and universities * Seventh-day Adventist education References External links * Northern Caribbean University official website * Aerial view Category:Universities in Jamaica Category:Universities and colleges affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church Category:Ellen G. White Estate Category:Educational institutions established in 1907 Category:1907 establishments in Jamaica Category:Buildings and structures in Manchester Parish "

❤️ Columbia Borough School District 🐢

"The Columbia Borough School District is a diminutive, urban, public school district serving the Borough of Columbia in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.Columbia Borough School District Columbia Borough School District encompasses approximately 2 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 10,311. Per school district officials, in school year 2007-08 the Columbia Borough School District provided basic educational services to 1,452 pupils through the employment of 123 teachers, 67 full-time and part-time support personnel, and 13 administrators. It is a member of Lancaster-Lebanon Intermediate Unit (IU) 13. The district operates four schools: Park Elementary School, Columbia Middle School -Taylor Campus, Columbia Middle School -Hill Campus, and Columbia High School. Academic achievement In 2010, the Columbia Junior Senior High School and Park Elementary School were cited by the Pennsylvania Department of Education as one of the persistently, lowest-achieving schools in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Columbia Borough School District was ranked 473rd out of 498 Pennsylvania School Districts in 2011 by the Pittsburgh Business Times. The ranking was based on five years of student academic performance based on the PSSA's on reading, mathematics and writing, as well as, three years of science. *2010 - 466th *2009 - 462nd *2008 - 470th *2007 - 471st out of 501 Pennsylvania school districts In 2009, the academic achievement of the students of Columbia Borough School District was in the bottom 7th percentile of Pennsylvania's 500 school districts. Scale (0-99; 100 is state best). =Graduation rate= In 2010, the Pennsylvania Department of Education issued a new, 4-year cohort graduation rate. Columbia Borough High School's rate was 70% for 2010. ;Traditionally calculated graduation rate: *2010 - 81% *2009 - 83% *2008 - 79% *2007 - 79% =High school= In 2010, Columbia Junior Senior High School AYP status declined to Corrective Action II 1st Year due to chronic low achievement of its 11th grade students. In 2009, the school was also in Corrective Action II 1st Year. As required by the federal No Child Left Behind law, students were sent a letter that they were entitled to transfer to a successful high school within the district. ;PSSA Results ;11th Grade Reading *2010 - 53% on grade level (29% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 66% of 11th graders on grade level. *2009 - 48% (21% below basic), State - 65% *2008 - 54% (22% below basic), State - 65% *2007 - 44% (32% below basic), State - 65% 11th Grade Math: *2010 - 35% on grade level (32% below basic). In Pennsylvania, 59% of 11th graders are on grade level. *2009 - 41% (36% below basic), State - 56% *2008 - 38% (30% below basic), State - 56% *2007 - 36% (38% below basic), State - 53% ;11th Grade Science: *2010 - 13% on grade level (27% below basic). State - 39% of 11th graders were on grade level. *2009 - 25% (30% below basic), State - 40% *2008 - 14% (36% below basic), State - 39% Attendance at Columbia Junior Senior High School in Columbia, Pennsylvania during the 2005-2006 school year was 85.12%, a dramatic improvement over the 75.73% scored in the prior year. Students were 41.7% proficient in math, 57.3% proficient in reading.Columbia Junior Senior High School College remediation: According to a Pennsylvania Department of Education study released in January 2009, 42% of Columbia High School graduates required remediation in mathematics and or reading before they were prepared to take college level courses in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education or community colleges. Less than 66% of Pennsylvania high school graduates, who enroll in a four-year college in Pennsylvania, will earn a bachelor's degree within six years. Among Pennsylvania high school graduates pursuing an associate degree, only one in three graduate in three years.National Center for Education Statistics Per the Pennsylvania Department of Education, one in three recent high school graduates who attend Pennsylvania's public universities and community colleges takes at least one remedial course in math, reading or English. Dual enrollment The high school offers a dual enrollment program. This state program permits high school students to take courses, at local higher education institutions, to earn college credits. Students remain enrolled at their high school. The courses count towards high school graduation requirements and towards earning a college degree. The students continue to have full access to activities and programs at their high school. The college credits are offered at a deeply discounted rate. The state offers a small grant to assist students in costs for tuition, fees and books.2010-2011 Pennsylvania Department of Education - Dual Enrollment Guidelines. Under the Pennsylvania Transfer and Articulation Agreement, many Pennsylvania colleges and universities accept these credits for students who transfer to their institutions. For the 2009-10 funding year, the school district received a state grant of $5,411.00 for the program.Pennsylvania Department of Education Dual Enrollment Fall Grants 2009-10. August 2009 Graduation requirements The Columbia Borough School Board has determined that 24 credits are required for graduation, including English 4 credits, Social Studies 4 credits, Science 3 credits, Math 4 credits, Physical Education 1 credit, Arts/Humanities 2 credits, Speech 0.5 credit, Health 0.5 credit and Electives 5 credits. By law, all Pennsylvania secondary school students must complete a project as a part of their eligibility to graduate from high school. The type of project, its rigor and its expectations are set by the individual school district. At Columbia Borough School District students complete a career research project during the required Speech class in their junior year. Additionally, forty hours of Service Learning are required of all Columbia Junior Senior High students as a prerequisite for graduation. By Pennsylvania School Board regulations, for the graduating class of 2016, students must demonstrate successful completion of secondary level course work in Algebra I, Biology, English Composition, and Literature for which the Keystone Exams serve as the final course exams. Students’ Keystone Exam scores shall count for at least one-third of the final course grade. =Junior high school= ; 8th Grade Reading: * 2010 - 69% on grade level (18% below basic). State - 81% * 2009 - 65%, (18% below basic), State - 80% * 2008 - 73%, (17% below basic), State - 78% * 2007 - 59%, (17% below basic), State - 75% ; 8th Grade Math: * 2010 - 54% on grade level (23% below basic). State - 75% * 2009 - 56% (25% below basic), State - 71% * 2008 - 69% (20% below basic), State - 70% * 2007 - 52% (30% below basic), State - 67% ; 8th Grade Science: * 2010 - 38% on grade level (43% below basic). State - 57%. * 2009 - 33% (39% below basic), State - 54% * 2008 - 48% (26% below basic), State - 52% ; 7th Grade Reading: * 2010 - 61% on grade level (26% below basic). State - 73% * 2009 - 59% (17% below basic), State - 71.7% * 2008 - 53% (21% below basic), State - 70% ; 7th Grade Math: * 2010 - 67% on grade level (19% below basic). State - 77% * 2009 - 64% (12% below basic), State - 75% * 2008 - 71% (17% below basic), State - 72% =Park Elementary School= In 2010, Park Elementary is in School Improvement II, Making Progress due to chronic low achievement of its students. As required by No Child Left Behind, the school notified its pupils they could transfer to Taylor Elementary School. In both 2009 and 2010, the school reported a 95% attendance rate. ;PSSA results: ;6th grade Reading: *2010 - 43% (36% below basic), State - 68% *2009 - 61% (23% below basic), State - 67% ;6th grade Math: *2010 - 58% (18% below basic), State - 78% *2009 - 73% (18% below basic), State - 75% ;5th grade Reading: *2010 - 54% (32% below basic), State - 64% *2009 - 55% (31% below basic), State - 64% ;5th grade Math: *2010 - 71% (15% below basic), State - 74% *2009 - 68% (12% below basic), State - 73% ;4th grade Reading: *2010 - 52% (21% below basic), State - 73% *2009 - 37% (43% below basic), State - 72% ;4th grade Math: *2010 - 70% (12% below basic), State - 84% *2009 - 55% (21% below basic), State - 81% ;4th grade Science: *2010 - 69% (7% below basic), State - 81% *2009 - 57% (12% below basic), State - 83% ;3rd grade Reading: *2010 - 78% (13% below basic), State - 75% *2009 - 68% (20% below basic), State - 77% ;3rd grade Math: *2010 - 79% (41% advanced), State - 84% *2009 - 82% (36% advanced), State - 81% Attendance at Park Elementary School in Columbia, Pennsylvania during the 2005-2006 school year was 95.11%, slightly higher than the 94.32% scored in the prior year. Students were 75.9% proficient in math, 64.7% proficient in reading.Park Elementary =Taylor Elementary School= In 2010, Taylor Elementary School achieved Adequate Yearly Progress in 2010 and 2009. The attendance rate was 95% in both 2009 and 2010. ;PSSA results: ;6th grade Reading: *2010 - 45% (18% below basic), State - 68% *2009 - 70% (15% below basic), State - 67% ;6th grade Math: *2010 - 76% (16% below basic), State - 78% *2009 - 80% (10% below basic), State - 75% ;5th grade Reading: *2010 - 74% (13% below basic), State - 64% *2009 - 44% (15% below basic), State - 64% ;5th grade Math: *2010 - 79% (3% below basic), State - 74% *2009 - 68% (5% below basic), State - 73% ;4th grade Reading: *2010 - 70% (18% below basic), State - 73% *2009 - 78% (8% below basic), State - 72% ;4th grade Math: *2010 - 80% (7% below basic), State - 84% *2009 - 81% (8% below basic), State - 81% ;4th grade Science: *2010 - 77% (7% below basic), State - 81% *2009 - 89% (3% below basic), State - 83% ;3rd grade Reading: *2010 - 76% (11% below basic), State - 75% *2009 - 77% (17% below basic), State - 77% ;3rd grade Math: *2010 - 69% (2% below basic), State - 84% *2009 - 79% (5% below basic), State - 81% Attendance at Taylor Elementary School, during the 2005-2006 school year, was 95.25%, slightly lower than the 96.23% scored in the prior year. Students were 71.3% proficient in math, 65.6% proficient in reading.Taylor Elementary Comparison to other Lancaster County school districts 2006 Of the 117 schools in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, only 13 failed to reach all their Adequate Yearly Progress goals, none of them were in the Columbia Borough School District. Special education In December 2009, the district administration reported that 322 pupils or 23.4% of the district's pupils received Special Education services. The District engages in identification procedures to ensure that eligible students receive an appropriate educational program consisting of special education and related services, individualized to meet student needs. At no cost to the parents, these services are provided in compliance with state and federal law; and are reasonably calculated to yield meaningful educational benefit and student progress. To identify students who may be eligible for special education, various screening activities are conducted on an ongoing basis. These screening activities include: review of group-based data (cumulative records, enrollment records, health records, report cards, ability and achievement test scores); hearing, vision, motor, and speech/language screening; and review by the Student Support Team/Evaluation Team. When screening results suggest that the student may be eligible, the District seeks parental consent to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation. Parents who suspect their child is eligible may request a multidisciplinary evaluation in writing to the Special Education Department. In 2010, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided $1,026,815,000 for Special Education services. The funds were distributed to districts based on a state policy which estimates that 16% of the district's pupils are receiving special education services. This funding is in addition to the state's basic education per pupil funding, as well as, all other state and federal funding. Columbia Borough School District received a $1,176,993 supplement for special education services in 2010. =Gifted education= The District Administration reported that 28 or 2.04% of its students were gifted in 2009. By law, the district must provide mentally gifted programs at all grade levels. The referral process for a gifted evaluation can be initiated by teachers or parents by contacting the student's building principal and requesting an evaluation. All requests must be made in writing. The principal acts as the case manager for the referral process. A 60 calendar day time-line begins when the signed Permission to Evaluate form is received. To be eligible for mentally gifted programs in Pennsylvania, a student must have a cognitive ability of at least 130 as measured on a standardized ability test by a certified school psychologist. Other factors that indicate giftedness will also be considered for eligibility. Through the strategic planning process, the Superintendent must ensure that Columbia Borough School District provides a continuum of program and service options to meet the needs of all mentally gifted students for enrichment, acceleration, or both. The district's program is based on student needs and provides differentiated curriculum using acceleration, enrichment and pull-out options. Bullying Policy The Columbia Borough School District Administration reported that there were no incidents of bullying occurring in the schools in 2009. The school board prohibits bullying by district students and employees. The Board directs that complaints of bullying and harassment shall be investigated promptly, and corrective action shall be taken when allegations are verified. No reprisals or retaliation shall occur as a result of good faith reports of bullying. All Pennsylvania schools are required to have an anti-bullying policy incorporated into their Code of Student Conduct. The policy must identify disciplinary actions for bullying and designate a school staff person to receive complaints of bullying. The policy must be available on the school's website and posted in every classroom. All Pennsylvania public schools must provide a copy of its anti-bullying policy to the Office for Safe Schools every year, and shall review their policy every three years. Additionally, the district must conduct an annual review of that policy with students.Regular Session 2007-2008 House Bill 1067, Act 61 Section 6 page 8 District administration are required to annually provide the following information with the district's Safe School Report: the board's bullying policy, a report of bullying incidents in the school district, and information on the development and implementation of any bullying prevention, intervention or education programs. The Center for Schools and Communities works in partnership with the Pennsylvania Commission on Crime & Delinquency and the Pennsylvania Department of Education to assist schools and communities as they research, select and implement bullying prevention programs and initiatives. Education standards relating to student safety and antiharassment programs are described in the 10.3. Safety and Injury Prevention in the Pennsylvania Academic Standards for Health, Safety and Physical Education. Budget In 2009, the district reported employing over 100 teachers with a starting salary of $36,892 for 180 days for pupil instruction. The average teacher salary was $53,924 while the maximum salary was $108,160. As of 2007, Pennsylvania ranked in the top 10 states in average teacher salaries. When adjusted for cost of living Pennsylvania ranked fourth in the nation for teacher compensation.Teachers need to know enough is enough, PaDelcoTimes, April 20, 2010. Additionally, Columbia Borough School District teachers receive a defined benefit pension, health insurance, reimbursement for professional development courses, 2 paid personal days, 10 sick days, 5 paid bereavement days and many other benefits. Teachers are paid an additional hourly rate, if they are required to work outside of the regular school day. The school day is 7 hours 35 minutes for teachers. Retirees receive payment for each unused accumulated sick day. Teachers who perform additional duties receive additional in compensation. According to State Rep. Glen Grell, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Public School Employees’ Retirement System Board, a 40-year educator can retire with a pension equal to 100 percent of their final salary. In 2007, the district employed 110 teachers. The average teacher salary in the district was $49,690 for 180 school days worked. Columbia Borough School District administrative costs per pupil in 2008 was $622.45 per pupil. This ranked 416th among Pennsylvania's 500 school districts. The lowest administrative cost per pupil in Pennsylvania was $398 per pupil. In 2008, Columbia Borough School District reported spending $12,517 per pupil. This ranked 218th in the commonwealth. ; Reserves In 2009, the district reported $1,293,850 in an unreserved-undesignated fund balance. The designated fund balance was reported as $1,406,932. In December 2010, the Pennsylvania Auditor General conducted a performance audit of the district. Significant findings were reported to the administration and school board. The district is funded by a combination of: a local earned income tax, a property tax, a real estate transfer tax 0.5%, coupled with substantial funding from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the federal government. Grants can provide an opportunity to supplement school funding without raising local taxes. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, pension and Social Security income are exempted from state personal income tax and local earned income tax regardless of the individual's wealth. =State basic education funding= For 2010-11 the Columbia Borough School District received a 2% increase in state Basic Education Funding resulting in a $6,799,051 payment. In 2010, Conestoga Valley School District received an 18,51% increase, which was the highest increase in BEF among Lancaster County public school districts. Kennett Consolidated School District in Chester County received the highest increase in the state at 23.65% increase in funding for the 2010-11 school year. One hundred fifty school districts received the base 2% increase in 2010-11. The amount of increase each school district receives is determined by the Governor and the Secretary of Education through the allocation set in the state budget proposal made in February each year. In the 2009-2010 budget year, the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided Columbia Borough School District an 8.61% increase in Basic Education funding for a total of $6,665,736. The state Basic Education funding to the district in 2008-09 was $6,137,298.55. The district also received supplemental funding for English language learners, Title 1 federal funding for low-income students, for district size, a poverty supplement from the commonwealth and more. Columbia Borough School District received the highest increase in Lancaster County for the 2009-10 school year at 8.61%. Among the 500 school districts in Pennsylvania, Muhlenberg School District in Berks County received the highest with a 22.31% increase in funding. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 746 district students received free or reduced-price lunches due to low family income in the 2007-2008 school year. Accountability Block Grants Beginning in 2004-2005, the state launched the Accountability Block Grant school funding. This program has provided $1.5 billion to Pennsylvania's school districts. The Accountability Block Grant program requires that its taxpayer dollars are focused on specific interventions that are most likely to increase student academic achievement. These interventions include: teacher training, all-day kindergarten, lower class size K-3rd grade, literacy and math coaching programs that provide teachers with individualized job-embedded professional development to improve their instruction, before or after school tutoring assistance to struggling students. For 2010-11 the Columbia Borough School District applied for and received $325,644 in addition to all other state and federal funding. The district used the funding to provide full-day kindergarten for the seventh year and for teacher training. Classrooms for the Future grant The Classroom for the Future state program provided districts with hundreds of thousands of extra state funding to buy laptop computers for each core curriculum high school class (English, Science, History, Math) and paid for teacher training to optimize the computers use. The program was funded from 2006 to 2009. Columbia Borough School District received did not apply for funding in 2006-07 or in 2007-08. For the 2008–09, school year the district received $74,691. Of the 501 public school districts in Pennsylvania, 447 of them received Classrooms for the Future grant awards. Education Assistance grant The state's Education Assistance Program funding provides for the continuing support of tutoring services and other programs to address the academic needs of eligible students. Funds are available to eligible school districts and full-time career and technology centers (CTC) in which one or more schools have failed to meet at least one academic performance target, as provided for in Section 1512-C of the Pennsylvania Public School Code. In 2010-11 the Columbia Borough School District received $119,489.Pennsylvania Department of Education - Educational Assistance Program Funding 2010-2011 Fiscal Year School Improvement Grant In 2010, Pennsylvania received $141 million from the federal department of education, to turn around its worst-performing schools. The funds were disbursed via a competitive grant program.Pennsylvania Department of Education School Improvement information The Pennsylvania Department of Education has identified 200 Pennsylvania schools as "persistently lowest-achieving," making them eligible for this special funding.Pennsylvania School Improvement Grant Components_Stat_Requirements Pennsylvania required low performing schools to apply or provide documentation about why they had not applied. The funds must be used, by the district, to turn around schools in one of four ways: school closure, restart - close the school and reopen it as a charter school. The other two options involve firing the principal. One would require at least half the faculty in a chronically poor performing school be dismissed. The second involves intensive teacher training coupled with strong curriculum revision or a longer school day.PA Department of Education School Improvement Federal Funds for School Reforms to Boost Student Achievement Awardees 2010 Two district schools qualified for this funding in 2010. Columbia Borough School District Administration did not apply for the grant.School Improvement grants 2010 =Federal Stimulus funding= The district received an extra $1,851,015 in ARRA - Federal Stimulus money to be used in specific programs like special education and meeting the academic needs of low-income students. The funding was for the 2009–10 and 2010-11 school years. Race to the Top grant School district officials did not apply for the Race to the Top federal grant which would have brought the district over one million additional federal dollars for improving student academic achievement. Participation required the administration, the school board and the local teachers' union to sign an agreement to prioritize improving student academic success. In Pennsylvania, 120 public school districts and 56 charter schools agreed to participate.Pennsylvania's 'Race to the Top' Fueled by Effective Reforms, Strong Local Support Pennsylvania was not approved for the grant. The failure of districts to agree to participate was cited as one reason that Pennsylvania was not approved. =Common Cents state initiative= The Columbia Borough School Board chose to not participate in the Pennsylvania Department of Education Common Cents program. The program called for the state to audit the district, at no cost to local taxpayers, to identify ways the district could save tax dollars. After the review of the information, the district was not required to implement any of the recommended cost savings changes. =Real estate taxes= The Columbia Borough School Board set property tax rates in 2010-2011 at 25.3700 mills. A mill is $1 of tax for every $1,000 of a property's assessed value. Irregular property reassessments have become a serious issue in the commonwealth as it creates a significant disparity in taxation within a community and across a region. Pennsylvania school district revenues are dominated by two main sources: 1) Property tax collections, which account for the vast majority (between 75-85%) of local revenues; and 2) Act 511 tax collections (Local Tax Enabling Act), which are around 15% of revenues for school districts. The Act 1 of 2006 Index regulates the rates at which each school district can raise property taxes in Pennsylvania. Districts are not authorized to raise taxes above that index unless they allow voters to vote by referendum, or they seek an exception from the state Department of Education. The base index for the 2011-2012 school year is 1.4 percent, but the Act 1 Index can be adjusted higher, depending on a number of factors, such as property values and the personal income of district residents. Act 1 included 10 exceptions, including: increasing pension costs, increases in special education costs, a catastrophe like a fire or flood, increase in health insurance costs for contracts in effect in 2006 or dwindling tax bases. The base index is the average of the percentage increase in the statewide average weekly wage, as determined by the PA Department of Labor and Industry, for the preceding calendar year and the percentage increase in the Employment Cost Index for Elementary and Secondary Schools, as determined by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the U.S. Department of Labor, for the previous 12-month period ending June 30. For a school district with a market value/personal income aid ratio (MV/PI AR) greater than 0.4000, its index equals the base index multiplied by the sum of .75 and its MV/PI AR for the current year.Pennsylvania Department of Education 2010-11 Act 1 of 2006 Referendum Exception Guidelines. The School District Adjusted Index for the Columbia Borough School District 2006-2007 through 2010-2011. * 2006-07 - 5.5%, Base 3.9% * 2007-08 - 4.8%, Base 3.4% * 2008-09 - 6.3%, Base 4.4% * 2009-10 - 5.9%, Base 4.1% * 2010-11 - 4.2%, Base 2.9% * 2011-12 - 2.0%, Base 1.4% Columbia Borough School Board did not apply for exceptions to exceed the Act 1 index for the budgets in 2009-10 or in 2010-11. In the Spring of 2010, 135 Pennsylvania school boards asked to exceed their adjusted index. Approval was granted to 133 of them and 128 sought an exception for pension costs increases. Property tax relief In 2009, the Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief from gambling for the Columbia Borough School District was $287 per approved permanent primary residence. In the district, 2,219 property owners applied for the tax relief. The tax relief was subtracted from the total annual school property on the individual's tax bill. Property owners apply for the relief through the county Treasurer's office. Farmers can qualify for a farmstead exemption on building used for agricultural purposes. The farm must be at least and must be the primary residence of the owner. Farmers can qualify for both the homestead exemption and the farmstead exemption. In Lancaster County, the highest property tax relief in 2009 was awarded to the approved property owners in School District of Lancaster at $446. Pennsylvania awarded the highest property tax relief to residents of the Chester-Upland School District in Delaware County at $632 per homestead and farmstead in 2010. This was the second year Chester Upland School District was the top recipient. Additionally, the Pennsylvania Property Tax/Rent Rebate program is provided for low income Pennsylvanians aged 65 and older; widows and widowers aged 50 and older; and people with disabilities age 18 and older. The income limit is $35,000 for homeowners. The maximum rebate for both homeowners and renters is $650. Applicants can exclude one-half (1/2) of their Social Security income, consequently individuals who have income substantially more than $35,000, may still qualify for a rebate. Individuals must apply annually for the rebate. This can be taken in addition to Homestead/Farmstead Property Tax Relief. Property taxes in Pennsylvania are relatively high on a national scale. According to the Tax Foundation, Pennsylvania ranked 11th in the U.S. in 2008 in terms of property taxes paid as a percentage of home value (1.34%) and 12th in the country in terms of property taxes as a percentage of income (3.55%). Extracurriculars The district offers a variety of clubs, activities and sports. Eligibility to participate is set by school board policy By Pennsylvania law, all K-12 students in the district, including those who attend a private nonpublic school, cyber charter school, charter school and those homeschooled, are eligible to participate in the extracurricular programs, including all athletics. They must meet the same eligibility rules as the students enrolled in the district's schools. See also * Official website References Category:School districts in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania "

❤️ Elizabeth Campbell (television) 🐢

"Margaret Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell (December 4, 1902 - January 9, 2004) was an American public television executive. She was also a teacher, college administrator and a notable board member for the Arlington Public Schools, and the founder of WETA-TV, the first public television station in Washington, D.C. Early and family life Elizabeth Pfohl was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina to a Moravian minister and a music teacher. She had a sister, Ruth, who survived her. Pfohl received her high school education at Salem Academy where she graduated in 1919. She then attended Salem College, a related institution, and received a bachelor's degree in education in 1923. She later received her master's degree in education from Columbia University. Pfohl married the trial lawyer Rev. Edmund D. Campbell Jr., a widower, in 1936, and moved with him to Arlington, Virginia, where she helped to raise his two children. The couple also had three children together. Campbell predeceased his long-lived mother, but the twins H. Donald Campbell and Rev. Benjamin P. Campbell and their sister Virginia Campbell Holt survived her, as did nine grandchildren and five great-grandchildren. Educator and school board chair Pfohl returned to her high school to begin her education career, teaching girls at Salem Academy and, after two years, she began teaching college level courses. She then moved into education administration, as dean of Moravian College for Women in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, for two years (although she was just 25 when appointed). Beginning in 1929, and during the Great Depression until 1936, Pfohl was dean at Mary Baldwin College in Staunton, Virginia. In Arlington, as she raised her family, Campbell realized that Virginia's public schools had very real problems, in part due to underfunding, as well as policies of racial segregation which had been added to the state constitution early in the century. In 1947, Campbell was elected to the school board of Arlington County, Virginia, which was the first directly elected school board in Virginia. She was the first woman on a school board in the state of Virginia. While on the board (beginning in 1948, and including after her re-election in 1951), Campbell was instrumental in adding fine arts classes, as well as comparable facilities for African-American and white students. She also led efforts to secure higher teacher salaries and build new schools in the growing city. Campbell was the school board's chair from 1950 until 1956, when Arlington's elected school board was replaced by an appointed board during the state's Massive Resistance crisis. Beginning in 1954, Campbell helped pave the way to desegregate Arlington's public schools, despite opposition to the Supreme Court's decisions in Brown vs. Board of Education proclaimed by Virginia's U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd Sr. and others. Her husband came to represent parents of students in Norfolk, Virginia who had been locked out of schools closed by the Byrd Organization rather than allow then to integrate pursuant to court orders. Both Campbells sought to work with parents across the state to resolve the crisis. On January 19, 1959, separate decisions of the Virginia Supreme Court affirmed racial segregation as unconstitutional, and parts of segregationists' workaround attempts as unconstitutional. Although the governor (and former attorney general) J. Lindsay Almond Jr. had initially supported Massive Resistance, he recognized judicial authority. Both Arlington's and Norfolk's schools peacefully desegregated in February 1959. Campbell was again elected to the school board later that year, and again was its chair from 1960 to 1962. WETA and Public Broadcasting Campbell had been intrigued by the power of television since the 1940s, believing that it could be used for educational purposes. In 1952, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) authorized Channel 26 to be designated for educational television and, in 1953, the Greater Washington Educational Television Association (GWETA) was created. Campbell joined the GWETA in 1956, initially as vice chairman, and became president a year later. While she was the GWETA president, Campbell worked hard to raise funds for a local educational TV station in Washington, DC. In 1961, an application was sent to the FCC to open WETA and, on October 2, the station went on the air. The station initially was on the air only during daytime hours on weekdays but, by 1966, it was on the air 86 hours a week, including weekends. WETA-TV today is on the air 24 hours a day and is the third largest public television station in the United States. In 1966, Campbell helped to expand WETA into the radio market, with a WETA radio station going on the air in 1970 at 90.9 FM, which plays mostly classical music and NPR news programming. Post-WETA work In 1971, Campbell retired from the GWETA and WETA-TV as its president, but held the position of vice president of community affairs, which she held until she died. During this time, she helped to launch the Children's Art Festival of the Washington, ,area and the Elizabeth P. Campbell Lecture Series, which presented broadcasting notables. Because of her groundwork for WETA as well as public broadcasting in general, Campbell was given high honors, including an Emmy Award in 1987, honorary doctorates from Washington and Lee University and Salem College. Campbell also won many awards in the Public Broadcasting community for her service, from PBS and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Campbell continued to serve on other community boards, including the Northern Virginia Fine Arts Association, the YWCA, and as a board of trustees member for Salem Academy, where she organized a partnership between the school and WETA-TV which included internships for Salem students during their January term. Death and legacy On January 9, 2004, Campbell died in Arlington after a brief illness at the age of 101. The Virginia State Senate passed Joint Resolution No. 174 noting "with great sadness the loss of a unique and irreplaceable citizen". The Arlington Public Schools in 2017 named a new elementary school to honor her and her late husband,https://wamu.org/story/17/08/18/time-talk-names-schools-says- arlington-county-school-board/ and Arlington County had previously erected a historical marker and named "Campbell Lane" near WETA headquarters after the couple. References External links * Oral History: Interview with Elizabeth Cambell, Arlington Public Library * Elizabeth Campbell Papers Category:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni Category:American centenarians Category:1902 births Category:2004 deaths Category:People from Winston-Salem, North Carolina Category:American television executives Category:Women television executives Category:Spouses of Virginia politicians Category:Women centenarians Category:Salem Academy alumni "