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"John Joseph Killion (February 9, 1859 – December 22, 1937), more commonly known as Jake Kilrain, was a famous American bare-knuckle fighter and glove boxer of the 1880s. Early life Kilrain found employment as a teenager in Somerville, Massachusetts. As a country boy from Long Island, he had to learn how to stand up to the workers in the rolling mills. By the age of 20, he had been recognized as the toughest fighter in the mill. Kilrain was also a champion rower having won the National Amateur Junior Sculling Championship in 1883. He was later stripped of that honor when it was discovered that he was a prizefighter and thus could not be considered an amateur. In 1883, Kilrain took up prizefighting as a profession and quickly established a reputation as a very tough fighter. Professional career = World Championship fight with Jem Smith = By 1887 Kilrain already has been recognized as the U.S. National Champion, that gave him an opportunity to fight for the Championship of the World and silver belt versus the British Champion Jem Smith, scheduled to take place in December 1887, in France, at a little island on the River Seine, called St. Pierre d'Autils. The bout was attended by about a hundred of the upper class spectators and journalists, mainly from England, being covered by the major international media of the day, such as Reuters, Gaulois, etc. They fought 1-minute rounds with 30 seconds break between the rounds. At the outset the men fought evenly. After the 3rd round Kilrain scored several knockdowns, and wrestling formed the principal mode of operations for the rest of the fight. Before the 106th round had started, after two hours and a half of fighting (roughly three times the full duration of modern-day 12-round championship fights,) when darkness set in, the bout was stopped due to technical reasons, as no artificial lighting of the scene has been arranged the outcome was called a draw due to darkness. Clearly dominant throughout the fight (even the English newspapers wrote that "the Englishman was no match for the American crack",) upon his return to the United States, Kilrain was pronounced by Richard K. Fox of the National Police Gazette as Heavyweight Champion of the World for his bout with Jem Smith. The awarding of the belt to Kilrain was part of a strategy by Fox to draw Sullivan into a fight. Any remote claim he had to the title of world champion was lost in 1889 after his loss to John L. Sullivan. = Bout with John L. Sullivan = The Kilrain- Sullivan pre-fight poster Kilrain is perhaps best known for challenging champion John L. Sullivan in 1889 in the last world heavyweight championship prizefight decided with bare knuckles under London Prize Ring rules in history. They fought 1-minute rounds with 50 seconds break between the rounds. In a hard-fought contest, Kilrain lost at the start of the 76th round (after 2 hours 16 minutes) when Mike Donovan, his second, threw in the sponge. Kilrain had not wanted to give up thinking that he could outlast Sullivan, but Donovan defended his actions insisting that Kilrain would have died had the fight gone on. In any case, the Kilrain-Sullivan fight can rightly be listed among the greatest fights of the pre-modern era. = Later career = Kilrain continued on for 10 more years after the Sullivan fight with gloves under Marquis of Queensberry rules with some success. His most significant win was a 44-round knockout of Boston's George Godfrey in 1891. He retired with a record of 18 wins (3 by KO), 6 losses and 12 draws along with 1 non-decision. He lived in his later years as a devoted family man with his wife and children as proprietor of a saloon in Baltimore, Maryland. After his saloon burned down, he moved back to Somerville and was given a job with the parks department. After government cutbacks during the Great Depression he became a night watchman at a Quincy, Massachusetts shipyard. In his later life, Kilrain became good friends with John L. Sullivan. When Sullivan died in 1918, Kilrain served as a pallbearer at the funeral. He was also godfather to the English boxer Charley Mitchell's son Charles Mitchell. Death and Honors Kilrain died on December 22, 1937, in a local hospital from complications of old age and diabetes, aged 78.http://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/657602 Kilrain was elected to the Bare Knuckle Boxing Hall of Fame in 2009 and to the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 2012. Scottish boxer and welterweight champion Henry Owens would later fight under the name "Jake Kilrain". Notable bouts style="text-align:center;" colspan="7" - style="text- align:center; background:#e3e3e3;" style="border-style:none none solid solid; "Result style="border-style:none none solid solid; "Opponent style="border-style:none none solid solid; "Type style="border-style:none none solid solid; "Rd., Time style="border-style:none none solid solid; "Date style="border-style:none none solid solid; "Location style="border-style:none none solid solid; "NotesJake Kilrain's Professional Boxing Record. BoxRec.com. Retrieved on 2014-05-18. - align=center Win align=left George Godfrey align=left align=left - align=center Loss align=left James J. Corbett align=left align=left - align=center Loss align=left John L. Sullivan align=left align=left - align=center style="background:#abcdef;"Draw align=left Jem Smith align=left align=left - align=center style="background:#abcdef;"Draw align=left Jack Burke align=left align=left - align=center style="background:#abcdef;"Draw align=left Charley Mitchell align=left align=left - align=center Win align=left George Godfrey align=left align=left - align=center style="background:#abcdef;"Draw align=left George Godfrey align=left align=left References External links * In the Shadow of John L. Sullivan - Category:1859 births Category:1937 deaths Category:Bare-knuckle boxers Category:Heavyweight boxers Category:Sportspeople from Somerville, Massachusetts Category:American male boxers Category:Deaths from diabetes "
"The Kvistaberg Station or Kvistaberg Observatory (; obs. code: 049) was a Swedish astronomical observatory and a station of the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory, which both belong to the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Uppsala University. It is located between the Swedish cities of Uppsala and Stockholm, at almost equal distance. Since 2009, the domes and telescopes of the Kvistaberg Observatory are part of a museum. The observatory established a 1 meter Schmidt telescope in 1963, which is a large size for this type of telescope designed to give a wide field of view. History The observatory was the result of a donation in 1944 from Nils Tamm, an artist who had studied astronomy in his youth under Nils Christoffer Dunér and Östen Bergstrand in Uppsala and remained an avid amateur astronomer throughout his life. Through the work of professor Åke Wallenquist and professor Gunnar Malmquist at the observatory in Uppsala, the new observatory was fitted out with a large Schmidt telescope (100/135/300cm) in 1963. Wallenquist became the first director of the observatory (1948–1970) and was succeeded by Tarmo Oja (1970–1999) and later Claes-Ingvar Lagerkvist (1999–2007). The asteroid 3331 Kvistaberg, was named for the astronomical observatory, where hundreds of minor planets had been discovered with the Schmidt telescope between 1975 and 2005. Around 2004, Uppsala University decided to discontinue active research at the observatory. The property was sold to the municipality of Upplands-Bro, where Kvistaberg is situated. The domes and telescopes are now part of a museum, which was inaugurated in 2009. Gallery File:Kvistaberg tamm obs.jpgThe Kvistaberg Station in 1919 See also * 2744 Birgitta, asteroid * 5080 Oja, asteroid * Uppsala-DLR Asteroid Survey References External links * Kvistaberg Observatory - official website * Pictures from the inauguration of the museum Category:Uppsala University Category:Astronomical observatories in Sweden Category:Buildings and structures in Stockholm County "
"King Xiaowen of Qin (303–251 BC) was a Chinese king, who had a very brief reign. He is also known as Lord Anguo (安國君). His grandson was Emperor Qin Shi Huang. Biography Xiaowen was a son of the King Zhaoxiang of Qin and Queen Tang and grandson of Queen Dowager Xuan. He was a king of the Qin for less than one year, and died three days after his coronation. This gave rise to many theories as to his short reign. The most accepted one is that he was very old when he ascended to the throne (his father ruled for over 50 years).Nicola Di Cosmo, The Northern Frontier in Pre-Imperial China//The Cambridge History of Ancient China, p. 961 However, there is a conspiracy theory: that Lü Buwei poisoned the king or at least hastened his death, to put the next king, King Zhuangxiang of Qin onto the throne. This is supported in a way by the fact that Zhuangxiang reigned for only 3 years.Sellman, James D. "The Spring and Autumn Annals of Master Lu", in Great Thinkers of the Eastern World, Ian McGreal, ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1995:39. Family * Parents: ** Prince Ji (; 325–251 BC), ruled as King Zhaoxiang of Qin from 306–251 BC ** Queen Dowager Tang, of the Tang lineage () * Queens: ** Queen Dowager Huayang, of the Xiong lineage of the Mi clan of Chu (; 296–230 BC), a royal of Chu by birth ** Queen Dowager Xia, of the Xia lineage (; 300–240 BC), the mother of Crown Prince Yiren * Sons: ** Crown Prince Yiren (; 281–247 BC), renamed Zichu (); ruled as King Zhuangxiang of Qin from 250–247 BC References Category:303 BC births Category:251 BC deaths Category:3rd- century BC Chinese monarchs Category:Rulers of Qin Category:Chinese kings "