❤️ Šumarina 🚀

"Šumarina is a settlement in the region of Baranja, Croatia. Administratively, it is located in the Beli Manastir municipality within the Osijek-Baranja County. References Category:Populated places in Osijek-Baranja County Category:Baranya (region) "

❤️ Akrai 🚀

"Bouleuterion Akrai (;Stephanus of Byzantium writes Ἄκρα; Ptolemy writes Ἀκραιοὶ ) was a Greek colony founded in Sicily by the Syracusans in 663 BC. It was located near the modern Palazzolo Acreide. History Akrai was among the first colonies of Syracuse founded by Corinthian colonists arriving in Sicilian territory in 663 BC. It was on the road to Gela, along with the Pantalica, Kasmene (military outpost on Monte Lauro), Akrillai and Camarina (the most distant of the colonies, founded 598 BC). Akrai and Kasmene were founded by the Syracusans: Akrai, seventy years after Syracuse, Kasmenae about twenty years later (c.640 BC). The original colonisation of Kamarina is attributed to the Syracusans, around a hundred and thirty years after the foundation of Syracuse; the founders were called Daskon and Menekolos.Thucydides, Peloponnesian War, 6.5 Loyal to Syracuse, it nevertheless had its own political life with administrative and military autonomy. Notably, its army intercepted the invasion force of Nicias in the Val di Noto or Anapo in 421 BC, contributing to his defeat. Constructed on the peak of a hill, Akrai was difficult to attack and at the time of its construction an ideal point for watching the surrounding territory. Indeed, Dion of Syracuse, when marching upon Syracuse, halted at Acrae to watch the effect of his proceedings.Plutarch Dio 27, where we should certainly read Ἄκρας for Μακράς. By the treaty concluded by the Romans with Hieron II, king of Syracuse (270 - 215 BC), Akrai was included in the dominions of that monarch, and this was probably the period of its greatest prosperity. During the Second Punic War it followed the fortunes of Syracuse, and afforded a place of refuge to Hippocrates of Syracuse, after his defeat by Marcus Claudius Marcellus at Acrillae, 214 BC. In 211 BC, after the fall of Syracuse, it became part of the Roman province, being known in Latin as Acre. This is the last mention of it in Classical history, and its name is not once noticed by Cicero. It was probably in his time a mere dependency of Syracuse, though it is found in Pliny's list of the "stipendiariae civitates," so that it must then have possessed a separate municipal existence, and is noted by the geographer Ptolemy. The city continued to be under Roman rule into the Byzantine period. Excavations South-east Sicily and the Greek cities in red and the Native settlements in blue. The Via Selinuntina in yellow and the Via Elorina in green. One of the first scholars to identify the site of the lost city was a Sicilian monk Tommaso Fazello (1498–1570). Subsequently others showed interest in the site, especially baron Gabriele Judica, who undertook the first archaeological excavations at the site in the early 19th century and described his findings in the book Le antichità di Acre (The Antiquities of Akrai), published in 1819. Unearthed monuments were described also by German scholar Julius Schubring. In the 20th century Akrai had been investigated by various scholars including farther-founder of Sicilian archaeology Paolo Orsi (at the beginning of the 20th century), Luigi Bernabò Brea (in the 50s), Giuseppe Voza (in the 70s) and Maria Musumeci with Lorenzo Guzzardi (in the 90s). Excavations of the archaic city have revealed a theatre which is relatively small but were very well reconstructed. There are two stone quarries known as Intagliata and Intagliatella that were used as catacombs and dwellings in the late Antiquity. On the flat area above Intagliata are the foundation stones of the Aphrodision, the temple of Aphrodite, erected in the mid-6th century BC. At the western end of the site is the Bouleuterion, where the city council met. East of the hill are the Feral Temples, dedicated to the cult of the dead. Most of the researches that had been undertaken in the XXth century brought into light public architecture. Currently, the image of life in Akrai is being fulfilled by the results of researches on residential part of the city. Greek and Roman houses have been discovered recently by Polish mission from University of Warsaw led by professor Roksana Chowaniec. Polish mission in Akrai The residential part of the city was recognized during the first season of non-invasive researches in 2009. Archaeologists mapped the site and proceeded with geophysical detection. In between 2010–2017 regular archaeological excavations were carried out. Archaeologists discovered the remains of Greco-Roman houses and numerous artifacts. Currently, international team of archaeologists is elaborating the findings that include: coins, different types of pottery, glass, metal and stone objects. Multidisciplinary researches engage archaeometric, lipid, petrographic, and isotopic analyses. All the results are published regularly in international journals and in the form of monographs (Akrai Studies, see: Chowaniec R. ed., Unveiling the past of an ancient town. Akrai/Acrea in south-eastern Sicily, Warsaw 2015). See also *I Santoni *List of ancient Greek cities Notes Literature # Bernabo Brea L., Akrai, Società di Storia Patria per la Sicilia Orientale, Biblioteca III, Monografie Archeologiche della Sicilia, I, Catania 1956; # Bernabo Brea L., Il tempio di Afrodite di Akrai, Cahiers du Centre Jean Berard 10, Naples 1986; # Campagna L., L’architettura di età ellenistica in Sicilia: per una rilettura del quadro generale, (in:) Sicilia ellenistica, consuetudo italica. Alle origini dell’architettura ellenistica d’Occidente, Osanna-Torelli (ed.), Roma 2006, p. 15-34; # Campagna L., Pinzone A., Nuove prospettive di ricerca sulla Sicilia del III sec. a.C. Archeologia, numismatica, storia (Atti Incontro di Studio Messina 2002), Pelorias 11, Messina 2004, p. 151-189; # Chowaniec R., Palazzolo Acreide, ancient Acrae, Sicily, Italy in 2009 and 2010, “Światowit”, fasc. A. Mediterranean and Non- European Archaeology VIII (XLIX), 2009-2011, p. 169-171; # Chowaniec R., Ancient Akrai in the light of new researches. Non-invasive researches in Palazzolo Acreide, south-eastern Sicily, (in:) SOMA 2012 Identity and Connectivity: proceedings of the 16th Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, Florence, Italy, 1–3 March 2012, Bombardieri L., D'Agostino A., Guarducci G., Orsi V., Valentini S. (eds.), Oxford 2013, BAR S2581, p. 965-971; # Chowaniec R., The recovery in the town? Greek colony in a new Roman reality. Case study, (in:) Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World. Proceeding XVIIIth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Alvarez J.M., Nogales T., Rodà I. (eds.), vol II, Merida 2014, p. 1007-1011; # Chowaniec R., Palazzolo Acreide, Sicily, Italy. Excavations in 2013, “Światowit” fasc. A. Mediterranean and Non-European Archaeology XI (LII), fasc. A. 2013, Warszawa 2014, p. 157-161; # Chowaniec R., Palazzolo Acreide, Sicily, Italy. Excavations in 2014, “Światowit” fasc. A. Mediterranean and Non-European Archaeology X (LIII), fasc. A. 2014; # Chowaniec R., Corinthian Roman relief bowls from Acrae, prov. Syracuse, south-eastern Sicily, “Światowit” fasc. A. Mediterranean and Non-European Archaeology XII (LIII), 2014, Warszawa 2015, p. 81-98; # Chowaniec R. ed., Unveiling the past of an ancient town. Akrai/Acrea in south-eastern Sicily, Warsaw 2015; # Chowaniec R., Greek and Roman impact on the environment. Case study: Akrai/Acrae in south-eastern Sicily, (in:) Cracow Landscape Monographs 2. Landscape as impulsion for culture: research, perception & protection. Landscape in the Past & Forgotten Landscape, P. Kołodziejczyk, and B. Kwiatkowska-Kopka (eds.), Cracow 2016, pp. 175–186; # Chowaniec R., The Sicilian world after the Punic Wars: the Greek colony in a new reality, (in:) Comparative Perspectives on Past Colonisation, Maritime Interaction and Cultural Integration, H. Glørstad, L. Melheim, Z. Glørstad (eds.), Sheffield 2016, p. 41-54; # Chowaniec R., The Coming of Rome. Cultural Landscape of South-Eastern Sicily, Warsaw 2017; # Chowaniec R. in collab J. Młynarczyk, T. Więcek, et al., Akrai/Acrae - the Greek Colony and Roman Town. Preliminary Report on the Excavations of the University of Warsaw Archaeological Expedition in 2015, „Archeologia” LXVI 2015, p. 105-130; # Chowaniec R., Gręzak A., Dietary preferences of the inhabitants of ancient Akrai/Acrae (south-eastern Sicily) during Roman times and the Byzantine period, (in:) Géoarchéologie des îles de Méditerranée. Geoarchaeology of the Mediterranean Islands, M. Ghilardi (ed.), Paris 2016, p. 287-298; # Chowaniec R., Guzzardi L., Palazzolo Acreide, Sicily, Italy. Excavations in 2011, “Światowit” fasc. A. Mediterranean and Non-European Archaeology IX (L), fasc. A. 2011, Warszawa 2012, p. 169-172; # Chowaniec R., Guzzardi L., Palazzolo Acreide, Sicily, Italy. Excavations in 2012, “Światowit” fasc. A. Mediterranean and Non-European Archaeology X (LI), fasc. A. 2011, Warszawa 2013, p. 111-115; # Chowaniec R., Matera M., New Terracotta Figurine of Demeter/Ceres from the south-eastern Sicily, “Archaeology and Science” 8, 2012, Belgrade 2013, p. 7-18; # Chowaniec R., in coll. Misiewicz K., Małkowski W., Acrae antica alla luce di indagini non invasive, “Journal of Ancient Topography (Rivista di Topografia Antica)” XIX, 2009 (2010), p. 121-138; # Chowaniec R., Misiewicz K., Non-invasive researches in Palazzolo Acreide (ancient Akrai), Sicily, “Archeologia” 59, 2008 (2010), p. 173-186, pl. XXV- XXVII; # Chowaniec R., Rekowska M., Rediscovering the Past. Ancient Akrai in Sicily, (in:) Et in Arcadia Ego. Studia Memoriae Professoris Thomae Mikocki dicata, Dobrowolski W., Płóciennik T. (eds.), Warsaw 2013, p. 261-271; # Chowaniec R., Więcek T., Guzzardi L., Akrai greca e Acrae romana. I nuovi rinvenimenti monetali degli scavi polacco-italiani 2011-2012, “Annali Istituto Italiano di Numismatica” 59, 2013 (2014), p. 237-269, tav. XIV-XV; # Cracco Ruggini L., La Sicilia fra Roma e Bisanzio, Storia della Sicilia III, Napoli 1980, p. 1-96; # Danner P., Akrai, (in:) Lexicon of Greek and Roman Cities 3, p. 426-430; # Fischer-Hansen T., The Earliest Town-Planning of the Western Greek Colonies, with special regard to Sicily, (in:) Introduction to an Inventory of Poleis, Symposium August, 23-26 1995, Acts of the Copenhagen Polis Centre 3, Hansen M. H. (ed.), Copenhagen 3, p. 317-407; # La Sicilia antica I, 3 Citta greche e indigene di Sicilia. Documenti e storia, Gabba E., Vallet G. (eds.), Napoli 1980; # La Sicilia antica. La Sicilia greca dal VI secolo alle guerre puniche, II, 1, Gabba E., Vallet G. (eds.), Napoli 1979; # Manni E., Geografia fisica e politica della Sicilia antica, Roma 1981; # Mitens K., Teatri greci e teatri ispirati all’architettura greca in Sicilia e nell’Italia meridionale, c. 350-50 a.C.: un catalogo, Roma 1988; # Orsi P., Palazzolo Acreide. Resti siculi in contrada Sparano, Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità without no, 1891, p. 355-357; # Orsi P., Epigrafe cristiana di Palazzolo Acreide (Acrae). Cotributi alla storia dell’altopiano acrense nell’antichità, “Rivista di Archeologia Cristiana” VIII, 1931, p. 295-296; # Pelagatti P., Akrai (Siracusa). Ricerche nel territorio, Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei CCCLXVII, “Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità” 24, Rome 1970, p. 436-499; # Pugliese Carratelli, Palazzolo Acreide. Epigrafi cristiane nella collezione Iudica, Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei CCCL, “Notizie degli Scavi di Antichità” 78, Rome 1953, p. 345-352; # Scirpo P.D., Bibliografia generale su Akrai. Addenda e Corrigenda, “Studi Acrensi”, IV, pp. 150–172; # Schubring I., Akrai – Palazzolo. Ein topographisch-archaeologische Skizze, Jahrbuch für klassische Philologie, suppl. IV, 1867, p. 661-672; # Uggeri G., La viabilità della Sicilia in età romana, “Journal of Ancient Topography (Rivista di Topografia Antica”, suppl. II, 2004; # Voza G., Akrai, in: Archeologia nella Sicilia sud-orientale, P. Pelagatti, G. Voza (eds)., Napoli 1973, p. 127-128; # Voza G., Nel segno dell’antico. Archeologia nel territorio di Siracusa, Palermo 1999; # Więcek T., Chowaniec R., Guzzardi L., Greek Akrai and Roman Acrae. New numismatic evidence. Polish-Italian archaeological excavations 2011-2012, “Archeologia” 62-63, 2011-12 (2014), p. 19-30; # Wilson R.J.A., Sicily under the Roman Empire. The archaeology of Roman province, 36 BC – AD 535, Warminster 1990. External links * Category:Former populated places in Italy Category:Syracusian colonies Category:7th-century BC establishments in Italy Category:Palazzolo Acreide Category:Buildings and structures in the Province of Syracuse Category:Greek city-states Category:Archaeological sites in Sicily "

❤️ Copyright agency 🚀

"Multiple issues solve allow Copyright Agencies are not-for-profit organisations charged with common activities including setting royalty rates, administering copyright registration databases, and issuing interpretations of copyright statutes. While some copyright agencies may also act as copyright collection societies, not all have that authority, and many copyright collection societies are only authorised by the government to manage schemes on their behalf and are completely independent. Copyright is a kind of intellectual property which protects the original expression of ideas. Creators can use it to manage how their content is reproduced. Function The core function of the Copyright Agency is to set and issue licenses to users of copyright protected material, collect licence revenue and distribute these as royalties money collected fairly and equitably to copyright owners and creators. They think that creators and publishers should receive a fair reward when their work is re-used. The way to ensure this is to issue licenses to organisations that want to copy and re-use their published work. The license fees collected are then passed on to the copyright owners - the authors, publishers and visual artists - that they represent. Any organisation photocopying, scanning or digitally reproducing material from copyright publications will usually require a licence to ensure legal compliance. The licences will help to reduce the risk and potential cost of copyright infringement. This requirement applies to organisations in the business, education, public or charitable sector. Copying refers to photocopying, scanning and re-use of content from magazines, books, journals, electronic and online publications, as well as press clippings or documents supplied by a licensed third party. The licences provide a cost-effective way to manage the risk associated with using and reproducing copyright materials. The Copyright Agency Viscopy in Australia collects fees and distributes royalties to creator members for the reuse of their copyrighted text and images. They also manage the schools and universities copying schemes, the Federal, State and Territory government copying schemes, the Resale Royalty scheme for artists, and the special provisions for institutions assisting people with print disabilities. Businesses demonstrating best practice governance purchase commercial licences from the Copyright Agency Viscopy for improved compliance and to protect themselves from infringement. Their members are authors, poets and playwrights, journalists, publishers, visual artists, photographers, cartoonists and illustrators and surveyors. Since July 2012, Copyright Agency has managed Viscopy's services. Viscopy's members are just visual artists artists and artists’ estates. The Copyright Agency Viscopy are responsible to: * the Commonwealth Attorney General under our appointment to manage the ‘statutory’ licences for education and government. * the Minister for the Arts under our appointment to manage the artists’ resale royalty scheme. * members under the Corporations Act. * people who hold licence fees under trust obligations. Type of Commercial Licences # CopyrightAccess Licence This licence is suitable when your business is using published material from magazines, journals, websites or books throughout the business or photocopying newspaper articles. # NewsAccess Licence for business Digital use of newspapers. For example, this will enable your employees to scan in an article that they see in a newspaper about your business or its competitors and share it with their colleagues # ContentAccess Licence for PR and marketing firms For public relations or marketing firms wishing to copy and distribute press clippings to clients and staff # Licences for press clipping agencies Specifically designed for companies providing press clipping services to businesses # Funeral directors and crematoria Delivering funeral, bereavement, remembrance or related services to the public in a funeral home or crematoria. Benefit of Licences * Allows the copying of content from most publications * Reduces the risk and the potential cost of copyright infringement * Offers the only way to get blanket cover so you don't have to seek permission from each copyright owner individually * Provides the convenience and certainty of a single transaction with one annual fee Educational Licenses The licence, set out in the Copyright Act, allows teachers to copy and share text and images in ways that usually require permission provided that fair compensation is made to the creators of the content. In addition to arrangements with peak bodies for schools and universities negotiated through Copyright Advisory Group – Schools (CAG), the Copyright Agency also has individual agreements with more than 1,000 other education providers, including: private independent colleges, RTOs, training arms, community colleges and kindergartens. Licenses are required by Independent Education institutions where no agreement exists. Under the education copying scheme, teachers can copy and communicate text, images and print music without a copyright clearance if: * It is for educational purposes * Copying or sharing must only be for educational purposes. If it is also for other purposes (e.g. if a copy is made available to the general public), then the licence does not apply. This includes copying and sharing content in connection with a course of instruction, and copying content for the library's collection. * The statutory license allows the use of text and images from any source or format: * Digital or hardcopy * Online or offline * Australian or foreign content * Published or unpublished content The Government has also appointed Screenrights to manage the licence that allows educational institutions to copy and share broadcast content, such as documentaries shown on television. The education copying scheme (statutory licence) allows any form of ‘reproduction’ or ‘communication’. This includes adding to or changing the content, or presenting it in a different context. The licence doesn't apply to translations from one language to another, or to a ‘dramatic version’ of a non-dramatic work (such as screenplay based on a short story), or vice versa (e.g. a novel based on a film). Commercial Licenses Businesses copy and share a wide range of information on a daily basis for analysis, to educate staff, monitor competitor activity and keep up-to-date with the latest industry news and trends. Most of this material is copyright protected and requires a licence. The Copyright Agency provides a range of copyright licences to cover the use of copyright material for specific business needs. The licences are easy to use and aim to assist businesses to improve workflow while minimising their risk of copyright infringement. ANNUAL LICENCES You can price a licence depending on your needs in 3 easy steps on our Rights Portal website. PAY-PER-USE LICENCES We also offer single, one off pay-per-use licences for: * News and Magazines * Books * Journals Government Licenses Government departments, agencies and government-related bodies in Australia have several options to efficiently manage their responsibilities under the Copyright Act 1968 (the Act). # Commonwealth, State and Territory Government departments and agencies (the Crown) are eligible to copy and communicate under the Statutory Government Licence provided the activity is for the services of the Commonwealth or State and/or Territory. Read more about Commonwealth Governments and more for State and Territory Governments. # Local Government Authorities are not eligible under the Crown and can not copy under the Statutory Government Licence. As such, Local Government Authorities are required to take a CopyrightAccess Licence. # State owned corporations and other statutory authorities that aren't included under current State or Commonwealth agreements and are not eligible to copy and communicate under the Statutory Government Licence and require a GovCopy Licence. See more information how to get a Licence on our Quasi-Government Bodies page. Visual Art Licenses If you are looking to use an image of an artwork in your next book, advertisement, film or merchandise, then you'll need to request an image licence to allow the use of the artwork and you may need to pay a fee. Viscopy, now managed by the Copyright Agency, represents over 11,000 Australian and New Zealand artists and over 40,000 international artists through its international partners. At Copyright Agency Viscopy, they can help manage the end-to-end licensing process for you. what they will do: * guide you through the steps involved, * handle artists’ approvals, * provide quotes on fees, and * suggest the right licence to meet your needs. List of copyright agencies * Copyright Board of Canada * Copyright Royalty Board (US) * United States Copyright Office * The Copy Right Licensing Agency (UK) * Copy Right Agency (Australia) References "